We begin by importing some helper functions
from helper import *
Now, let's get the data from the List of helicopter prison escapes Wikipedia article.
url = 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_helicopter_prison_escapes'
data = data_from_url(url)
Let's print the first three rows
for row in data[:3]:
print(row)
['August 19, 1971', 'Santa Martha Acatitla', 'Mexico', 'Yes', 'Joel David Kaplan Carlos Antonio Contreras Castro', "Joel David Kaplan was a New York businessman who had been arrested for murder in 1962 in Mexico City and was incarcerated at the Santa Martha Acatitla prison in the Iztapalapa borough of Mexico City. Joel's sister, Judy Kaplan, arranged the means to help Kaplan escape, and on August 19, 1971, a helicopter landed in the prison yard. The guards mistakenly thought this was an official visit. In two minutes, Kaplan and his cellmate Carlos Antonio Contreras, a Venezuelan counterfeiter, were able to board the craft and were piloted away, before any shots were fired.[9] Both men were flown to Texas and then different planes flew Kaplan to California and Castro to Guatemala.[3] The Mexican government never initiated extradition proceedings against Kaplan.[9] The escape is told in a book, The 10-Second Jailbreak: The Helicopter Escape of Joel David Kaplan.[4] It also inspired the 1975 action movie Breakout, which starred Charles Bronson and Robert Duvall.[9]"] ['October 31, 1973', 'Mountjoy Jail', 'Ireland', 'Yes', "JB O'Hagan Seamus TwomeyKevin Mallon", 'On October 31, 1973 an IRA member hijacked a helicopter and forced the pilot to land in the exercise yard of Dublin\'s Mountjoy Jail\'s D Wing at 3:40\xa0p.m., October 31, 1973. Three members of the IRA were able to escape: JB O\'Hagan, Seamus Twomey and Kevin Mallon. Another prisoner who also was in the prison was quoted as saying, "One shamefaced screw apologised to the governor and said he thought it was the new Minister for Defence (Paddy Donegan) arriving. I told him it was our Minister of Defence leaving." The Mountjoy helicopter escape became Republican lore and was immortalized by "The Helicopter Song", which contains the lines "It\'s up like a bird and over the city. There\'s three men a\'missing I heard the warder say".[1]'] ['May 24, 1978', 'United States Penitentiary, Marion', 'United States', 'No', 'Garrett Brock TrapnellMartin Joseph McNallyJames Kenneth Johnson', "43-year-old Barbara Ann Oswald hijacked a Saint Louis-based charter helicopter and forced the pilot to land in the yard at USP Marion. While landing the aircraft, the pilot, Allen Barklage, who was a Vietnam War veteran, struggled with Oswald and managed to wrestle the gun away from her. Barklage then shot and killed Oswald, thwarting the escape.[10] A few months later Oswald's daughter hijacked TWA Flight 541 in an effort to free Trapnell."]
index = 0
for row in data:
data[index] = row[:-1]
index += 1
print(data[:5])
[['August 19, 1971', 'Santa Martha Acatitla', 'Mexico', 'Yes', 'Joel David Kaplan Carlos Antonio Contreras Castro'], ['October 31, 1973', 'Mountjoy Jail', 'Ireland', 'Yes', "JB O'Hagan Seamus TwomeyKevin Mallon"], ['May 24, 1978', 'United States Penitentiary, Marion', 'United States', 'No', 'Garrett Brock TrapnellMartin Joseph McNallyJames Kenneth Johnson'], ['February 27, 1981', 'Fleury-Mérogis, Essonne, Ile de France', 'France', 'Yes', 'Gérard DupréDaniel Beaumont'], ['May 7, 1981', 'Orsainville Prison, Quebec City', 'Canada', 'No', 'Marina Paquet (hijacker)Giles Arseneault (prisoner)']]
for row in data:
row[0] = fetch_year(row[0])
print(data[:3])
[[1971, 'Santa Martha Acatitla', 'Mexico', 'Yes', 'Joel David Kaplan Carlos Antonio Contreras Castro'], [1973, 'Mountjoy Jail', 'Ireland', 'Yes', "JB O'Hagan Seamus TwomeyKevin Mallon"], [1978, 'United States Penitentiary, Marion', 'United States', 'No', 'Garrett Brock TrapnellMartin Joseph McNallyJames Kenneth Johnson']]
min_year = min(data, key=lambda x: x[0])[0]
max_year = max(data, key=lambda x: x[0])[0]
years = []
for y in range(min_year, max_year + 1):
years.append(y)
attempts_per_year = []
for row in years:
attempts_per_year.append([row,0])
print(attempts_per_year)
[[1971, 0], [1972, 0], [1973, 0], [1974, 0], [1975, 0], [1976, 0], [1977, 0], [1978, 0], [1979, 0], [1980, 0], [1981, 0], [1982, 0], [1983, 0], [1984, 0], [1985, 0], [1986, 0], [1987, 0], [1988, 0], [1989, 0], [1990, 0], [1991, 0], [1992, 0], [1993, 0], [1994, 0], [1995, 0], [1996, 0], [1997, 0], [1998, 0], [1999, 0], [2000, 0], [2001, 0], [2002, 0], [2003, 0], [2004, 0], [2005, 0], [2006, 0], [2007, 0], [2008, 0], [2009, 0], [2010, 0], [2011, 0], [2012, 0], [2013, 0], [2014, 0], [2015, 0], [2016, 0], [2017, 0], [2018, 0], [2019, 0], [2020, 0]]
for row in data:
for ya in attempts_per_year: # Instruction 2 - nothing to do here
# Instruction 3 - assign the year value in ya to y
y = ya[0]
#print(y)
if row[0] == y:
ya[1] += 1
# Instruction 4 - print the results
print(attempts_per_year)
[[1971, 1], [1972, 0], [1973, 1], [1974, 0], [1975, 0], [1976, 0], [1977, 0], [1978, 1], [1979, 0], [1980, 0], [1981, 2], [1982, 0], [1983, 1], [1984, 0], [1985, 2], [1986, 3], [1987, 1], [1988, 1], [1989, 2], [1990, 1], [1991, 1], [1992, 2], [1993, 1], [1994, 0], [1995, 0], [1996, 1], [1997, 1], [1998, 0], [1999, 1], [2000, 2], [2001, 3], [2002, 2], [2003, 1], [2004, 0], [2005, 2], [2006, 1], [2007, 3], [2008, 0], [2009, 3], [2010, 1], [2011, 0], [2012, 1], [2013, 2], [2014, 1], [2015, 0], [2016, 1], [2017, 0], [2018, 1], [2019, 0], [2020, 1]]
%matplotlib inline
barplot(attempts_per_year)
The years of more occurrences of prisions breaks are 1986, 2001, 2007 and 2009.
countries_frequency = df["Country"].value_counts()
print_pretty_table(countries_frequency)
Country | Number of Occurrences |
---|---|
France | 15 |
United States | 8 |
Canada | 4 |
Greece | 4 |
Belgium | 4 |
Brazil | 2 |
United Kingdom | 2 |
Australia | 2 |
Mexico | 1 |
Chile | 1 |
Puerto Rico | 1 |
Netherlands | 1 |
Russia | 1 |
Italy | 1 |
Ireland | 1 |
attempt=pd.crosstab(df.Country,df.Succeeded,margins=False)
attempt
Succeeded | No | Yes |
---|---|---|
Country | ||
Australia | 1 | 1 |
Belgium | 2 | 2 |
Brazil | 0 | 2 |
Canada | 1 | 3 |
Chile | 0 | 1 |
France | 4 | 11 |
Greece | 2 | 2 |
Ireland | 0 | 1 |
Italy | 0 | 1 |
Mexico | 0 | 1 |
Netherlands | 1 | 0 |
Puerto Rico | 0 | 1 |
Russia | 0 | 1 |
United Kingdom | 1 | 1 |
United States | 2 | 6 |
attempt["No"].array
<PandasArray> [1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2] Length: 15, dtype: int64
attempt_copy = attempt.copy()
attempt_copy
Succeeded | No | Yes |
---|---|---|
Country | ||
Australia | 1 | 1 |
Belgium | 2 | 2 |
Brazil | 0 | 2 |
Canada | 1 | 3 |
Chile | 0 | 1 |
France | 4 | 11 |
Greece | 2 | 2 |
Ireland | 0 | 1 |
Italy | 0 | 1 |
Mexico | 0 | 1 |
Netherlands | 1 | 0 |
Puerto Rico | 0 | 1 |
Russia | 0 | 1 |
United Kingdom | 1 | 1 |
United States | 2 | 6 |
prision_break_success = attempt_copy.Yes / attempt_copy.No
prision_break_success[prision_break_success == float('inf')] = 1
prision_break_success.sort_values(ascending=False)
Country United States 3.00 Canada 3.00 France 2.75 United Kingdom 1.00 Russia 1.00 Puerto Rico 1.00 Mexico 1.00 Italy 1.00 Ireland 1.00 Greece 1.00 Chile 1.00 Brazil 1.00 Belgium 1.00 Australia 1.00 Netherlands 0.00 dtype: float64
prision_break_success.plot.bar()
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x7fb3e100f250>
Answer: In United States and Canada
How does the number of escapees affect the success?
alone_or_team = pd.crosstab(df["Escapee(s)"],df.Succeeded,margins=False)
alone_or_team
#alone_or_team = pd.crosstab(alone_or_team,df.Countr,y)
Succeeded | No | Yes |
---|---|---|
Escapee(s) | ||
Abdelhamid CarnousEmile Forma-SariJean-Philippe Lecase | 0 | 1 |
Alexey Shestakov | 0 | 1 |
Alexin JismyFabrice Michel | 0 | 1 |
André BellaïcheGianluigi EspositoLuciano Cipollari | 0 | 1 |
Ashraf Sekkaki plus three other criminals | 0 | 1 |
Ben Kramer | 1 | 0 |
Benjamin Hudon-BarbeauDanny Provençal | 0 | 1 |
Brian Lawrence | 1 | 0 |
David McMillan | 1 | 0 |
Eric AlboreoFranck PerlettoMichel Valero | 0 | 1 |
Eric Ferdinand | 0 | 1 |
Four members of the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front | 0 | 1 |
Garrett Brock TrapnellMartin Joseph McNallyJames Kenneth Johnson | 1 | 0 |
Gérard DupréDaniel Beaumont | 0 | 1 |
Hubert SellesJean-Claude MorettiMohamed Bessame | 0 | 1 |
JB O'Hagan Seamus TwomeyKevin Mallon | 0 | 1 |
James Rodney LeonardWilliam Douglas BallewJesse Glenn Smith | 0 | 1 |
Joel David Kaplan Carlos Antonio Contreras Castro | 0 | 1 |
John Killick | 0 | 1 |
José Carlos dos Reis Encina, a.k.a. "Escadinha" | 0 | 1 |
Kristel A. | 1 | 0 |
Mahoney Danny Francis MitchellRandy Lackey | 0 | 1 |
Marina Paquet (hijacker)Giles Arseneault (prisoner) | 1 | 0 |
Michel Vaujour | 1 | 1 |
Nordin Benallal | 1 | 0 |
Orlando Cartagena Jose Rodriguez Victor Diaz Hector Diaz Jose Tapia | 0 | 1 |
Panagiotis Vlastos | 1 | 0 |
Pascal Payet | 0 | 2 |
Pola RoupaNikos Maziotis | 1 | 0 |
Ralph BrownFreddie Gonzales | 0 | 1 |
Robert FordDavid Thomas | 0 | 1 |
Rédoine Faïd | 0 | 1 |
Samantha Lopez | 0 | 1 |
Steven Whitsett | 0 | 1 |
Sydney DraperJohn Kendall | 0 | 1 |
Vasilis PaleokostasAlket Rizai | 0 | 1 |
Vassilis Paleokostas | 0 | 1 |
William Lane | 0 | 1 |
Yves DenisDenis LefebvreSerge Pomerleau | 0 | 1 |
— | 4 | 3 |
len(alone_or_team.to_numpy())
40
Answer:There are a chance 1.8 times higher to escapee from prison with support of a team than to alone.
Which escapees have done it more than once?
Answer:
alone_or_team[alone_or_team["Yes"] > 1]
Succeeded | No | Yes |
---|---|---|
Escapee(s) | ||
Pascal Payet | 0 | 2 |
— | 4 | 3 |