# Df 0 1 3_ Inspect Analysis¶

Showcase registration of callback functions that act on partial results while the event-loop is running using OnPartialResult and OnPartialResultSlot. This tutorial is not meant to run in batch mode.

Author: Enrico Guiraud
This notebook tutorial was automatically generated with ROOTBOOK-izer from the macro found in the ROOT repository on Sunday, January 19, 2020 at 12:53 AM.

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using namespace ROOT; // RDataFrame lives in here

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ROOT::EnableImplicitMT();
const auto poolSize = ROOT::GetImplicitMTPoolSize();
const auto nSlots = 0 == poolSize ? 1 : poolSize;


## Setup a simple RDataFrame¶

We start by creating a RDataFrame with a good number of empty events

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const auto nEvents = nSlots * 10000ull;
RDataFrame d(nEvents);


heavywork is a lambda that fakes some interesting computation and just returns a normally distributed double

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TRandom r;
auto heavyWork = [&r]() {
for (volatile int i = 0; i < 1000000; ++i)
;
return r.Gaus();
};


Let's define a column "x" produced by invoking heavywork for each event tdf stores a modified data-frame that contains "x"

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auto tdf = d.Define("x", heavyWork);


Now we register a histogram-filling action with the rdataframe. h can be used just like a pointer to TH1D but it is actually a TResultProxy, a smart object that triggers an event-loop to fill the pointee histogram if needed.

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auto h = tdf.Histo1D<double>({"browserHisto", "", 100, -2., 2.}, "x");


## Use the callback mechanism to draw the histogram on a TBrowser while it is being filled¶

So far we have registered a column "x" to a data-frame with nEvents events and we registered the filling of a histogram with the values of column "x". In the following we will register three functions for execution during the event-loop:

• one is to be executed once just before the loop and adds a partially-filled histogram to a TBrowser
• the next is executed every 50 events and draws the partial histogram on the TBrowser's TPad
• another callback is responsible of updating a simple progress bar from multiple threads

First off we create a tbrowser that contains a "rdfresults" directory

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auto tdfDirectory = new TMemFile("RDFResults", "RECREATE");
auto browser = new TBrowser("b", tdfDirectory);


The global pad should now be set to the tbrowser's canvas, let's store its value in a local variable

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auto browserPad = gPad;


A useful feature of tresultproxy is its onpartialresult method: it allows us to register a callback that is executed once per specified number of events during the event-loop, on "partial" versions of the result objects contained in the TResultProxy. In this case, the partial result is going to be a histogram filled with an increasing number of events. Instead of requesting the callback to be executed every N entries, this time we use the special value kOnce to request that it is executed once right before starting the event-loop. The callback is a C++11 lambda that registers the partial result object in tdfDirectory.

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h.OnPartialResult(h.kOnce, [tdfDirectory](TH1D &h_) { tdfDirectory->Add(&h_); });


Note that we called onpartialresult with a dot, ., since this is a method of tresultproxy itself. We do not want to call OnPartialResult on the pointee histogram!)

Multiple callbacks can be registered on the same tresultproxy (they are executed one after the other in the same order as they were registered). We now request that the partial result is drawn and the TBrowser's TPad is updated every 50 events.

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h.OnPartialResult(50, [&browserPad](TH1D &hist) {
if (!browserPad)
return; // in case root -b was invoked
browserPad->cd();
hist.Draw();
browserPad->Update();
// This call tells ROOT to process all pending GUI events
// It allows users to use the TBrowser as usual while the event-loop is running
gSystem->ProcessEvents();
});


Finally, we would like to print a progress bar on the terminal to show how the event-loop is progressing. To take into account all events we use OnPartialResultSlot: when Implicit Multi-Threading is enabled, in fact, OnPartialResult invokes the callback only in one of the worker threads, and always returns that worker threads' partial result. This is useful because it means we don't have to worry about concurrent execution and thread-safety of the callbacks if we are happy with just one threads' partial result. OnPartialResultSlot, on the other hand, invokes the callback in each one of the worker threads, every time a thread finishes processing a batch of everyN events. This is what we want for the progress bar, but we need to take care that two threads will not print to terminal at the same time: we need a std::mutex for synchronization.

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std::string progressBar;
std::mutex barMutex; // Only one thread at a time can lock a mutex. Let's use this to avoid concurrent printing.


Magic numbers that yield good progress bars for nslots = 1,2,4,8

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const auto everyN = nSlots == 8 ? 1000 : 100ull * nSlots;
const auto barWidth = nEvents / everyN;
h.OnPartialResultSlot(everyN, [&barWidth, &progressBar, &barMutex](unsigned int /*slot*/, TH1D & /*partialHist*/) {
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(barMutex); // lock_guard locks the mutex at construction, releases it at destruction
progressBar.push_back('#');
// re-print the line with the progress bar
std::cout << "\r[" << std::left << std::setw(barWidth) << progressBar << ']' << std::flush;
});


## Running the analysis¶

So far we told RDataFrame what we want to happen during the event-loop, but we have not actually run any of those actions: the TBrowser is still empty, the progress bar has not been printed even once, and we haven't produced a single data-point! As usual with RDataFrame, the event-loop is triggered by accessing the contents of a TResultProxy for the first time. Let's run!

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std::cout << "Analysis running..." << std::endl;
h->Draw(); // the final, complete result will be drawn after the event-loop has completed.
std::cout << "\nDone!" << std::endl;


Finally, some book-keeping: in the tmemfile that we are using as tbrowser directory, we substitute the partial result with a clone of the final result (the "original" final result will be deleted at the end of the macro).

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tdfDirectory->Clear();
auto clone = static_cast<TH1D *>(h->Clone());
clone->SetDirectory(nullptr);
tdfDirectory->Add(clone);
if (!browserPad)
return; // in case root -b was invoked
browserPad->cd();
clone->Draw();


Draw all canvases

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gROOT->GetListOfCanvases()->Draw()