import holoviews as hv
hv.extension('bokeh')
C:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py:846: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: The text.latex.unicode rcparam was deprecated in Matplotlib 2.2 and will be removed in 3.1. "2.2", name=key, obj_type="rcparam", addendum=addendum) C:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py:846: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: The text.latex.unicode rcparam was deprecated in Matplotlib 2.2 and will be removed in 3.1. "2.2", name=key, obj_type="rcparam", addendum=addendum)
Let's try to parse the article and extract authors of cited work.
url = "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816205000937?via%3Dihub"
Since the article is full of javascript, I'll just paste the raw HTML below and parse that:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
raw_html = """
<section class="bibliography" id="aep-bibliography-id55"><h2 class="section-title">References</h2><section class="bibliography-sec" id="aep-bibliography-sec-id56"><dl class="references" id="reference-links-aep-bibliography-sec-id56"><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib1" id="ref-id-bib1">Bahn, 1993</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">P. Bahn<strong class="title">The history of human settlement on Rapanui</strong></div><div class="host">S.R. Fischer (Ed.), Easter Island Studies, Oxbow Press, Oxford (1993), pp. 53-55</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib2" id="ref-id-bib2">Bahn and Flenley, 1992</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">P. Bahn, J. Flenley<strong class="title">Easter Island Earth Island</strong></div><div class="host">Thames and Hudson, New York (1992)</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib3" id="ref-id-bib3">Baker, 1997</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">P.E. Baker<strong class="title">Petrological factors influencing the utilization of stone on Easter Island</strong></div><div class="host">C.M. Stevenson, G. Lee, F.J. Morin (Eds.), Easter Island in Pacific Context – South Seas Symposium. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Easter Island and East Polynesia, Easter Island Foundation, Los Osos, CA (1997), pp. 279-283</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"><a class="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.11.4.279">CrossRef</a><a class="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031432517&partnerID=10&rel=R3.0.0">View Record in Scopus</a></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib4" id="ref-id-bib4">Bork and Li, 2002</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution" lang="de">H.-R. Bork, Y. Li<strong class="title">3200 Jahre Reliefentwicklung im Lössplateau Nordchinas-das Fallbeispiel Zhongzuimao</strong></div><div class="host">Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, 146 (2002), pp. 80-85</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"><a class="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036234850&partnerID=10&rel=R3.0.0">View Record in Scopus</a></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib5" id="ref-id-bib5">Bork et al., 1998</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution" lang="de">H.-R. Bork, H. Bork, C. Dalchow, B. Faust, H.-P. Piorr, T. Schatz<strong class="title">Landschaftsentwicklung in Mitteleuropa</strong></div><div class="host">Klett-Perthes, Gotha, Stuttgart (1998)</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib26" id="ref-id-bib26">Bork et al., 2003</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution" lang="en">H.-R. Bork, H.R. Beckedahl, C. Dahlke, K. Geidmacher, A. Mieth, Y. Li<strong class="title">Die erdweite Explosion der Bodenerosionsraten im 20. Jh.: Das globale Bodenerosionsdrama — geht unsere Ernährungsgrundlage verloren?</strong></div><div class="host">Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, 147 (2003), pp. 16-25</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"><a class="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0038127059&partnerID=10&rel=R3.0.0">View Record in Scopus</a></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib6" id="ref-id-bib6">CONAF, 2002</a></dt><dd class="reference"><span>CONAF, 2002. Corporación Nacional Forestal Isla de Pascua. Personal communication.</span></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib7" id="ref-id-bib7">Diaz Vial, 1949</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution" lang="es">C. Diaz Vial</div><div class="host">Asociacion de suelos de Isla de Pascua. Apertado de Agricultura Técnica IX (2), Ministerio de Agricultura, Santiago de Chile (1949), pp. 115-134</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib8" id="ref-id-bib8">Flenley, 1993</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">J. Flenley<strong class="title">The palaeoecology of Easter Island, and its ecological disaster</strong></div><div class="host">S.R. Fischer (Ed.), Easter Island Studies, Oxbow Press, Oxford (1993), pp. 27-45</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib9" id="ref-id-bib9">Grau, 2001</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">J. Grau<strong class="title">More about <em>Jubaea chilensis</em> in Easter Island</strong></div><div class="host">C.M. Stevenson, G. Lee, F.J. Morin (Eds.), Pacific 2000 – Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Easter Island and the Pacific, Easter Island Foundation, Los Osos, CA (2001), pp. 87-90</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib10" id="ref-id-bib10">Lal and Fortune, 2000</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="host">B. Lal, K. Fortune (Eds.), The Pacific Islands — An Encyclopedia, University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu (2000)</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib11" id="ref-id-bib11">Lee, 2001</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">G. Lee<strong class="title">Te Moana Nui, Exploring Lost Isles of the South Pacific</strong></div><div class="host">Easter Island Foundation, Los Osos, CA (2001)</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib12" id="ref-id-bib12">Louwagie and Langohr, 2002</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">G. Louwagie, R. Langohr<strong class="title">Testing land evaluation methods for crop growth on two soils of the La Pérouse area</strong></div><div class="host">Rapa Nui Journal, 16 (1) (2002), pp. 23-28</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib13" id="ref-id-bib13">McCall, 1994</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">G. McCall<strong class="title">Rapanui: Tradition and Survival on Easter Island</strong></div><div class="host">University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu (1994)</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib14" id="ref-id-bib14">Metraux, 1957</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">A. Metraux<strong class="title">Die Osterinsel</strong></div><div class="host">Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart (1957)</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib27" id="ref-id-bib27">Mieth and Bork, 2003</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">A. Mieth, H.-R. Bork<strong class="title">Diminution and degradation of environmental resources by prehistoric land use on Poike peninsula, Easter Island (Rapa Nui)</strong></div><div class="host">Rapa Nui Journal, 17 (1) (2003), pp. 34-41</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"><a class="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3543149325&partnerID=10&rel=R3.0.0">View Record in Scopus</a></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib15" id="ref-id-bib15">Mieth et al., 2002</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">A. Mieth, H.-R. Bork, I. Feeser<strong class="title">Prehistoric and recent land use effects on Poike Peninsula, Easter Island (Rapa Nui)</strong></div><div class="host">Rapa Nui Journal, 16 (2) (2002), pp. 89-95</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib28" id="ref-id-bib28">Orliac, 2000</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">C. Orliac<strong class="title">The woody vegetation of Easter Island between the early 14th and the mid 17th centuries AD</strong></div><div class="host">C.M. Stevenson, W.S. Ayres (Eds.), Easter Island Archaeology. Research on Early Rapa Nui Culture, Easter Island Foundation, Los Osos, CA (2000), pp. 211-220</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib16" id="ref-id-bib16">Ramírez, 2001</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">J.M. Ramírez<strong class="title">Cultural resource management on Rapa Nui: utopia and reality</strong></div><div class="host">C.M. Stevenson, G. Lee, F.J. Morin (Eds.), Pacific 2000 – Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Easter Island and the Pacific, Easter Island Foundation, Los Osos, CA (2001), pp. 383-390</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib17" id="ref-id-bib17">Stevenson and Haoa, 1999</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">C.M. Stevenson, S. Haoa<strong class="title">Diminishing agricultural production and the collapse of Easter Island ranked society</strong></div><div class="host">No Barriers Seminar Papers, The Kon-Tiki-Museum Oslo, vol. 2 (1999), pp. 4-12</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"><a class="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032739175&partnerID=10&rel=R3.0.0">View Record in Scopus</a></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib18" id="ref-id-bib18">Stevenson et al., 1999</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">C.M. Stevenson, J.A. Wozniak, S. Haoa<strong class="title">Prehistoric agricultural production on Rapa Nui</strong></div><div class="host">Antiquity, 73 (1999), pp. 801-812</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"><a class="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00065546">CrossRef</a><a class="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033372910&partnerID=10&rel=R3.0.0">View Record in Scopus</a></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib19" id="ref-id-bib19">Stevenson et al., 2002</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">C.M. Stevenson, T. Ladefoged, S. Haoa<strong class="title">Productive strategies in an uncertain environment: prehistoric agriculture on Easter Island</strong></div><div class="host">Rapa Nui Journal, 16 (1) (2002), pp. 17-22</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"><a class="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-15844424469&partnerID=10&rel=R3.0.0">View Record in Scopus</a></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib20" id="ref-id-bib20">Sudzuki, 1979</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution" lang="es">F. Sudzuki<strong class="title">Vegetacion arborea y erosion en la isla de pascua. boletin tecnico 45, faculdad de agronomia</strong></div><div class="host">Universidad de Chile, Santiago (1979), pp. 3-8</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib21" id="ref-id-bib21">Van Tilburg, 1994</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">J.A. Van Tilburg<strong class="title">Easter Island – Archaeology, Ecology and Culture</strong></div><div class="host">British Museum Press, London (1994)</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib22" id="ref-id-bib22">Velasco, 2002</a></dt><dd class="reference"><span>Velasco, G., 2002. Agricola y Servicios Isla de Pascua Ltda. (SASIPA). Personal communication.</span></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib23" id="ref-id-bib23">Wozniak, 1998</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">J.A. Wozniak<strong class="title">Settlement patterns and subsistence on the northwest coast of Rapa Nui</strong></div><div class="host">C.M. Stevenson, G. Lee, F.J. Morin (Eds.), Easter Island in Pacific Context – South Seas Symposium. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Easter Island and East Polynesia, Easter Island Foundation, Los Osos, CA (1998), pp. 185-192</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib24" id="ref-id-bib24">Wozniak, 1999</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">J.A. Wozniak<strong class="title">Prehistoric horticultural practices on Easter Island: lithic mulched gardens and field systems</strong></div><div class="host">Rapa Nui Journal, 13 (3) (1999), pp. 95-99</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"><a class="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-27544458348&partnerID=10&rel=R3.0.0">View Record in Scopus</a></div></dd><dt class="label"><a href="#bbib25" id="ref-id-bib25">Wozniak, 2001</a></dt><dd class="reference"><div class="contribution">J.A. Wozniak<strong class="title">Landscapes of food production on Easter Island: successful subsistence strategies</strong></div><div class="host">C.M. Stevenson, G. Lee, F.J. Morin (Eds.), Pacific 2000 – Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Easter Island and the Pacific, Easter Island Foundation, Los Osos, CA (2001), pp. 91-101</div><div class="ReferenceLinks"></div></dd></dl></section></section>"""
from IPython.display import HTML
HTML(raw_html)
tree = BeautifulSoup(raw_html, 'lxml')
Now we can extract a list of authors for each publication.
authors = []
for elem in tree.find_all('div', class_='contribution'):
print(elem.contents[0].split(', '))
authors.append(elem.contents[0].split(', '))
['P. Bahn'] ['P. Bahn', 'J. Flenley'] ['P.E. Baker'] ['H.-R. Bork', 'Y. Li'] ['H.-R. Bork', 'H. Bork', 'C. Dalchow', 'B. Faust', 'H.-P. Piorr', 'T. Schatz'] ['H.-R. Bork', 'H.R. Beckedahl', 'C. Dahlke', 'K. Geidmacher', 'A. Mieth', 'Y. Li'] ['C. Diaz Vial'] ['J. Flenley'] ['J. Grau'] ['G. Lee'] ['G. Louwagie', 'R. Langohr'] ['G. McCall'] ['A. Metraux'] ['A. Mieth', 'H.-R. Bork'] ['A. Mieth', 'H.-R. Bork', 'I. Feeser'] ['C. Orliac'] ['J.M. Ramírez'] ['C.M. Stevenson', 'S. Haoa'] ['C.M. Stevenson', 'J.A. Wozniak', 'S. Haoa'] ['C.M. Stevenson', 'T. Ladefoged', 'S. Haoa'] ['F. Sudzuki'] ['J.A. Van Tilburg'] ['J.A. Wozniak'] ['J.A. Wozniak'] ['J.A. Wozniak']
Let's build a list of unique authors:
unique_authors = set()
for author_tuple in authors:
for author in author_tuple:
unique_authors.update(set([author]))
unique_authors
{'A. Metraux', 'A. Mieth', 'B. Faust', 'C. Dahlke', 'C. Dalchow', 'C. Diaz Vial', 'C. Orliac', 'C.M. Stevenson', 'F. Sudzuki', 'G. Lee', 'G. Louwagie', 'G. McCall', 'H. Bork', 'H.-P. Piorr', 'H.-R. Bork', 'H.R. Beckedahl', 'I. Feeser', 'J. Flenley', 'J. Grau', 'J.A. Van Tilburg', 'J.A. Wozniak', 'J.M. Ramírez', 'K. Geidmacher', 'P. Bahn', 'P.E. Baker', 'R. Langohr', 'S. Haoa', 'T. Ladefoged', 'T. Schatz', 'Y. Li'}
Now, we need to assign a number to each author. We'll use the above set to do this.
mapping = dict(zip(list(unique_authors), list(range(len(unique_authors)))))
Finally, we need to build a list of connections. For each article, we build a connection between every author in the article.
sources = []
targets = []
for article in authors:
for first in range(len(article)):
for second in article[first:]:
sources.append(mapping[article[first]])
targets.append(mapping[second])
We can now visualize the graph we're looking for:
inverse_mapping = dict(zip(mapping.values(), mapping.keys()))
node_labels = [inverse_mapping[i] for i in range(len(inverse_mapping))]
node_info = hv.Dataset(node_labels, vdims='Label')
%%opts Graph [width=600 height=600]
padding = dict(x=(-1.2, 1.2), y=(-1.2, 1.2))
hv.Graph(((sources, targets), node_info)).redim.range(**padding)
Interesting!
Let's now see if we can apply the same extractive logic to a second article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5637906/
raw_html = """
<div class="ref-list-sec sec" id="reference-list"><ul class="back-ref-list" style="list-style-type:disc;"><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0001"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0002">
Allen M. S., & Craig J. A. (2009). <span class="ref-title">Dynamics of polynesian subsistence: Insights from Archaeofauna and stable isotope studies, Aitutaki, Southern Cook islands 1</span>. <span class="ref-journal">Pacific Science</span>, <span class="ref-vol">63</span>, 477–506.
</span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0002"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0003">
Ambrose S. H., Butler B. M., Hanson D. B., Hunter‐Anderson R. L., & Krueger H. W. (1997). <span class="ref-title">Stable isotopic analysis of human diet in the Marianas Archipelago, Western Pacific</span>. <span class="ref-journal">American Journal of Physical Anthropology</span>, <span class="ref-vol">104</span>, 343–361.
<span class="nowrap pubmed">[<a href="/pubmed/9408540" target="pmc_ext" ref="reftype=pubmed&article-id=5637906&issue-id=299768&journal-id=379&FROM=Article%7CCitationRef&TO=Entrez%7CPubMed%7CRecord&rendering-type=normal">PubMed</a>]</span></span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0003"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0004">
Arana P. M. (2014). <span class="ref-title">Ancient fishing activities developed in Easter Island</span>. <span class="ref-journal">Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research</span>, <span class="ref-vol">42</span>, 673–689.
</span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0004"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0005">
Arneborg J., Heinemeier J., Lynnerup N., Nielsen H. L., Rud N., & Sveinbjornsdottir A. E. (1999). <span class="ref-title">Change of diet of the Greenland Vikings determined from stable carbon isotope analysis and <sup>14</sup>C dating of their bones</span>. <span class="ref-journal">Radiocarbon</span>, <span class="ref-vol">41</span>, 157–168.
</span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0005"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0006">
Arthur K. E., Kelez S., Larsen T., Choy C. A., & Popp B. N. (2014). <span class="ref-title">Tracing the biosynthetic source of essential amino acids in marine turtles using δ<sup>13</sup>C fingerprints</span>. <span class="ref-journal">Ecology</span>, <span class="ref-vol">95</span>, 1285–1293.
<span class="nowrap pubmed">[<a href="/pubmed/25000760" target="pmc_ext" ref="reftype=pubmed&article-id=5637906&issue-id=299768&journal-id=379&FROM=Article%7CCitationRef&TO=Entrez%7CPubMed%7CRecord&rendering-type=normal">PubMed</a>]</span></span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0006"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0007">
Ayala‐Bradford I., Lipo C., & Hunt T. (2005). An application of high‐resolution satellite imagery for the mapping of habitation and subsistence features on Rapa Nui (Easter Island). <em>The Renaca Papers: VI International Conference on Rapa Nui and the Pacific</em> Easter Island Foundation and University of Valparaiso, Los Osos, pp 113–123.
</span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0007"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0008">
Bender D. A. (2007). <span class="ref-journal">Introduction to nutrition and metabolism</span>. London: Taylor & Francis‐CRC Press.
</span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0008"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0009">
Blum J. D., Popp B. N., Drazen J. C., Choy C. A., & Johnson M. W. (2013). <span class="ref-title">Methylmercury production below the mixed layer in the North Pacific Ocean</span>. <span class="ref-journal">Nature Geoscience</span>, <span class="ref-vol">6</span>, 879–884.
</span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0009"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0010">
Bonhommeau S., Dubroca L., Le Pape O., Barde J., Kaplan D. M., Chassot E., & Nieblas A.‐E. (2013). <span class="ref-title">Eating up the world's food web and the human trophic level</span>. <span class="ref-journal">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of United States of America</span>, <span class="ref-vol">110</span>, 20617–20620.
<span class="nowrap ref pmc">[<a class="int-reflink" href="/pmc/articles/PMC3870703/">PMC free article</a>]</span> <span class="nowrap pubmed">[<a href="/pubmed/24297882" target="pmc_ext" ref="reftype=pubmed&article-id=5637906&issue-id=299768&journal-id=379&FROM=Article%7CCitationRef&TO=Entrez%7CPubMed%7CRecord&rendering-type=normal">PubMed</a>]</span></span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0010"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0011">
Bork H.‐R., Mieth A., & Tschochner B. (2004). <span class="ref-title">Nothing but stones? A review of the extent and technical efforts of prehistoric stone mulching on Rapa Nui</span>. <span class="ref-journal">Rapa Nui Journal</span>, <span class="ref-vol">18</span>, 10–14.
</span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0011"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0012">
Bradley C. J., Wallsgrove N. J., Choy C. A., Drazen J. C., Hetherington E. D., Hoen D. K., & Popp B. N. (2015). <span class="ref-title">Trophic position estimates of marine teleosts using amino acid compound specific isotopic analysis</span>. <span class="ref-journal">Limnology and Oceanography Methods</span>, <span class="ref-vol">13</span>, 476–493.
</span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0012"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0013">
Chikaraishi Y., & Naraoka H. (2003). <span class="ref-title">Compound‐specific δD–δ<sup>13</sup>C analyses of n‐alkanes extracted from terrestrial and aquatic plants</span>. <span class="ref-journal">Phytochemistry</span>, <span class="ref-vol">63</span>, 361–371.
<span class="nowrap pubmed">[<a href="/pubmed/12737985" target="pmc_ext" ref="reftype=pubmed&article-id=5637906&issue-id=299768&journal-id=379&FROM=Article%7CCitationRef&TO=Entrez%7CPubMed%7CRecord&rendering-type=normal">PubMed</a>]</span></span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0013"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0014">
Chikaraishi Y., Kashiyama Y., Ogawa N. O., Kitazato H., & Ohkouchi N. (2007). <span class="ref-title">Metabolic control of nitrogen isotope composition of amino acids in macroalgae and gastropods: Implications for aquatic food web studies</span>. <span class="ref-journal">Marine Ecology Progress Series</span>, <span class="ref-vol">342</span>, 85–90.
</span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0014"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0015">
Chikaraishi Y., Ogawa N. O., Kashiyama Y., Takano Y., Suga H., Tomitani A., … Ohkouchi N. (2009). <span class="ref-title">Determination of aquatic food‐web structure based on compound‐specific nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids</span>. <span class="ref-journal">Limnol Oceanogr Methods</span>, <span class="ref-vol">7</span>, 740–750.
</span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0015"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0016">
Chikaraishi Y., Ogawa N., & Ohkouchi N. (2010). Further evaluation of the trophic level estimation based on nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids In Ohkouchi N., editor; , Tayasu I., editor; , & Koba K., editor. (Eds.), <span class="ref-journal">Earth, life, and isotopes</span> (pp. 37–51). Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.
</span></li><li id="ajpa23273-bib-0016"><span class="mixed-citation" id="ajpa23273-cit-0017">
Chikaraishi Y., Ogawa N. O., Doi H., & Ohkouchi N. (2011). <span class="ref-title">
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</span></li></ul></div>"""
from IPython.display import HTML
HTML(raw_html)
tree = BeautifulSoup(raw_html, 'lxml')
Now we can extract a list of authors for each publication.
authors = []
for elem in tree.find_all('li'):
content = next(elem.children).contents[0].split(', ')
content = [item.replace('&', '').replace('…', '').replace('editor;', '').replace('editor', '').strip().split('(')[0].strip() for item in content]
content = [item for item in content if len(item) > 2 if len(item) < 30]
authors.append(content)
unique_authors = set()
for author_tuple in authors:
for author in author_tuple:
unique_authors.update(set([author]))
unique_authors
{'Allen M. S.', 'Allison C. E.', 'Ambrose S. H.', 'Andersen N.', 'Arana P. M.', 'Arbogast R.‐M.', 'Arneborg J.', 'Arthur K. E.', 'Ayala‐Bradford I.', 'Bach L. T.', 'Baisden W.', 'Bard E.', 'Barde J.', 'Barrera J. A.', 'Bayliss A.', 'Beck J. W.', 'Bedford S.', 'Bender D. A.', 'Benner R.', 'Best N.', 'Blackwell P. G.', 'Blum J. D.', 'Bocherens H.', 'Bogaard A.', 'Bonhommeau S.', 'Bork H.‐R.', 'Brabec M.', 'Bradley C. J.', 'Brown T. A.', 'Bruland G.', 'Bruland G. L.', 'Buck C. E.', 'Buckley H.', 'Butler B. M.', 'Cerling T. E.', 'Chadwick O. A.', 'Charles M.', 'Chassot E.', 'Chikaraishi Y.', 'Choy C. A.', 'Christensen B. T.', 'Commendador A. S.', 'Corr L. T.', 'Craig J. A.', 'DeNiro M. J.', 'Deenik J. L.', 'Diamond J.', 'Dobney K.', 'Doi H.', 'Drake D. R.', 'Drazen J. C.', 'Drucker D. G.', 'Dubroca L.', 'Dudgeon J. V.', 'Décima M.', 'Edwards E. J.', 'Ehleringer J. R.', 'Engel M.', 'Engstrom P.', 'Enting I. G.', 'Esh K. S.', 'Etheridge D. M.', 'Evershed R.', 'Evershed R. P.', 'Farquhar G. D.', 'Feek D.', 'Ferdon E. N.', 'Fernandes R.', 'Fernie K. J.', 'Finney B. P.', 'Finot V. L.', 'Flenley J.', 'Flenley J. R.', 'Flores C. A.', 'Fogel M. L.', 'Fox A.', 'Francey R.', 'Fraser R. A.', 'Freeman K. H.', 'Fry B.', 'Fuller B. T.', 'Galvan‐Magana F.', 'Gelwicks J. T.', 'Gilbart J.', 'Gill GW', 'Gorman T. E.', 'Graham B. S.', 'Gregg J. W.', 'Grootes P.', 'Grootes P. M.', 'Guilderson T. P.', 'Halstead P.', 'Hannides C.', 'Hannides C. C. S.', 'Hanson D. B.', 'Haoa S.', 'Haoa‐Cardinali S.', 'Hawkins S.', 'Hayes J. M.', 'Heaton T.', 'Hebert C. E.', 'Hedin L. O.', 'Heinemeier J.', 'Helliker B. R.', 'Herrscher E.', 'Hetherington E. D.', 'Heyerdahl T.', 'Hoen D. K.', 'Hogg A. H.', 'Hoham C. H.', 'Holl C.', 'Honch N. V.', 'Horrocks M.', 'Horton M. C.', 'Hotchkiss S. C.', 'Houlton B. Z.', 'Howland M. R.', 'Hua Q.', 'Hubick K. T.', 'Hundtoft B.', 'Hunt T.', 'Hunt T. L.', 'Hunter‐Anderson R. L.', 'Isaakidou V.', 'Jim S.', 'Johnson B. J.', 'Johnson M. W.', 'Jones G.', 'Jones V.', 'Jumeau E.', "Ka'apu‐Lyons C.", 'Kaplan D. M.', 'Kashiyama Y.', 'Kastrisianaki‐Guyton E.', 'Kelez S.', 'Khamsing A.', 'Kinaston R.', 'Kitazato H.', 'Klemmer K.', 'Koba K.', 'Krueger H. W.', 'Krushelnycky P. D.', 'Kudela R.', 'Ladefoged T. N.', 'Landry M. R.', 'Langohr R.', 'Larsen T.', 'Larsson L.', 'Le Pape O.', 'Lee G.', 'Lehman J.', 'Leigh M. B.', 'Leuenberger M.', 'Lewis J.', 'Lipo C.', 'Lipo C. P.', 'Lo Y. –H.', 'Longstaffe F. J.', 'Lopez‐Ibarra G. A.', 'Lott M. J.', 'Louwagie G.', 'Lunn D.', 'Lynnerup N.', 'Macko S.', 'Marticorena A.', 'Marticorena C.', 'Martinsson‐Wallin H.', 'McCarthy M. D.', 'McClelland J.', 'McClelland J. W.', 'Mieth A.', 'Millaire J.‐F.', 'Millard A. R.', 'Miller G. H.', 'Montoya J.', 'Montoya J. P.', 'Morgan S. L.', 'Morrison A. E.', 'Mosher S. M.', 'Mueller J.', 'Mulloy W.', 'Mulrooney M.', 'Munz P. A.', 'Métraux A.', 'Müldner G.', 'Nadeau M.‐J.', 'Naito Y. I.', 'Naraoka H.', 'Nelson D. E.', 'Nieblas A.‐E.', 'Nielsen H. L.', 'Nielsen J. M.', 'Nieuwoudt M.', 'Niu M.', 'Nualart L. G.', "O'Brien D. M.", 'Odham G.', 'Ogawa N.', 'Ogawa N. O.', 'Ohkouchi N.', 'Olson R. J.', 'Pearson J. A.', 'Penton C. R.', 'Phillips D. L.', 'Piatkowski U.', 'Polet C.', 'Popp B. N.', 'Puleston C.', 'Puleston C. O.', 'Ramsey C. B.', 'Rattner B. A.', 'Reimer P. J.', 'Richards M. P.', 'Roggeveen J.', 'Rojas G.', 'Rolett B.', 'Roy S.', 'Rud N.', 'Salvatteci R.', 'Sealy J. C.', 'Shain A.', 'Shiels A. B.', 'Sigman D. M.', 'Silfer J.', 'Skjölsvold A.', 'Skjølsvold A.', 'Smith C. S.', 'Sonesson A.', 'Southon J. R.', 'Spiegelhalter D.', 'Spriggs M.', 'St. Louis D.', 'Steele L. P.', 'Stevenson C. M.', 'Stevenson M.', 'Stewart A.', 'Still C. J.', 'Styring A. K.', 'Suga H.', 'Sveinbjornsdottir A. E.', 'Szpak P.', 'Takano Y.', 'Tayasu I.', 'Taylor D. L.', 'Thomas A.', 'Thomson W. J.', 'Tiedje J. M.', 'Tomitani A.', 'Tremblay L.', 'Tromp M.', 'Trudinger C. M.', 'Tschochner B.', 'Tuross N.', 'Ueda K.', 'Valentin F.', 'Van Der Merwe N. J.', 'Ventura M.', 'Vitousek P. M.', 'Vogel J. S.', 'Wallin P.', 'Wallsgrove N.', 'Wallsgrove N. J.', 'Wang Y. V.', 'Webb E. A.', 'West E.', 'White C. D.', 'Winder M.', 'Wozniak J. A.', 'Yoneda M.', 'Young S. M. M.', 'Zimmerman S. R. H.', 'Zizka G.', 'van der Plicht J.'}
Now, we need to assign a number to each author. We'll use the above set to do this.
mapping = dict(zip(list(unique_authors), list(range(len(unique_authors)))))
Finally, we need to build a list of connections. For each article, we build a connection between every author in the article.
sources = []
targets = []
for article in authors:
for first in range(len(article)):
for second in article[first:]:
sources.append(mapping[article[first]])
targets.append(mapping[second])
We can now visualize the graph we're looking for:
inverse_mapping = dict(zip(mapping.values(), mapping.keys()))
node_labels = [inverse_mapping[i] for i in range(len(inverse_mapping))]
node_info = hv.Dataset(node_labels, vdims='Label')
%%opts Graph [width=900 height=600 xaxis=None yaxis=None]
padding = dict(x=(-1.2, 1.2), y=(-1.2, 1.2))
hv.Graph(((sources, targets), node_info)).redim.range(**padding)
Can we use a better layout? Let's use networkx.
import networkx as nx
import numpy as np
G = nx.Graph()
G.add_nodes_from(inverse_mapping)
G.add_edges_from((u, v) for u, v in zip(sources, targets))
%%opts Graph [width=900, height=500]
graph = hv.Graph.from_networkx(G, nx.spring_layout, iterations=10).redim.range(x=(-1.2, 1.2), y=(-1.2, 1.2))
graph
Let's add some labels: see here https://github.com/ioam/holoviews/issues/2402
labels = hv.Labels({('x', 'y'): graph.nodes.array([0, 1]), 'text': list(inverse_mapping.values())},
['x', 'y'],
'text')
graph * labels
Interesting graph!
More reading is needed... http://www.pnas.org/content/108/5/1815.short