#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# # Terms cheat sheet
# In general, it will be in the form:
# 
# **term**: definition
# - Example ways to use it in a sentence
# ```python
# code```

# **Syntax**: the rules of a langauge
# - "The syntax for for loops"
# - "The syntax for if statements"
# - "The syntax of defining a function"
# 
# **Syntax error**: the misuse of a language that results in an error
# - "The following code has a syntax error (it is missing in)"
# ```python
# for i range(5):
#     print(i)```

# **Comment**: a piece of code that does not run. In Python, comments begin with the # symbol
# - "Write a comment that describes the function"
# - "Comment out that piece of code"

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# **Variable**: a way to store a value
# - "Store 10 in the variable x", "store 10 in x"
# ```python
# x = 10```
# - "Store the value of z in the variable x", "
# ```python
# z = x```

# **Type**: the kind or category of a value. Every value has a type.
# - "The type of 5 is an int"
# - "The type of 5.0 is a float"

# **Assignment, assigning**: the act of putting a value in a variable
# - "Assign 10 to x"
# ```python
# x = 10```

# **Operator, operation**: special symbols that carry out arithmetic or logical computation
# - "Use the plus operator to add 1 and 3"
# ```python
# 1 + 3```
# 
# **Logical operator**: specifically for operators regarding boolean values
# - "Use the `and` operator"
# ```python
# True and False```

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# **List/array**: a type of value that contains an (ordered) sequence of other values
# - "Make a list that contains 1 and 5.0
# - "Make an array of strings"

# **List index**: the location of an element in a list
# 
# **Indexing**: the action of retrieving a single element from a list
# 
# - "index 5 of a list"
# ```python
# x[5]```
# - "retrieve the 0th element of a list"
# ```python
# x[0]
# ```
# 
# **Negative indexing**: retrieving a single element using negative numbers
# - "index -1"
# ```python
# x[-1]```

# **List slice**: a portion of a list (also a list)
# 
# **Slicing**: the action of retrieving a portion of a list
# - "slice x from 0 to 3, inclusive" (why is it up to 4?)
# ```python
# x[0:4]```
# - "get the slice of x from 0 to 3, inclusive"
# ```python
# x[0:4]```

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# **Function**: a piece of code that is used for repeating work. Functions are "called" or "invoked". A function takes 0 or more arguments and is only run when called. Functions "return" a value.
# - "A function that returns the average of a list"
# - "A function that returns the sum of a list"
# - "A function that turns a string to lower case"

# **Argument/parameters**: a value that is passed to a function when the function is called.
#  Arguments are "passed" to functions and a function "takes" an argument
#  - "Pass x to the function"
#  - "Write a function that takes an argument x that..."

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# **Conditional/Control flow**: a way of changing the program behavior depending on a condition
# 
# **If statement**: A way of adding control flow to a program

# **Loop**: A piece of code that runs itself repeatedly. Commonly used to run a piece of code over every value in a list. In this course, we will use for and while loops.
# - "Loop over the list L"
# - "Use a loop to sum the numbers from 0 to n-1"

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