#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# In[206]:


#if Statements: The if statement allows you to only 
#conditionally execute some code block,
#conditioned on some expression evaluating to True.

#if BOOLEAN EXPRESSION:
#    CODE BLOCK
#elif BOOLEAN EXPRESSION:
#    CODE BLOCK
#elif BOOLEAN EXPRESSION:
#    CODE BLOCK
#else:
#    CODE BLOCK


# In[ ]:


#In the above code, exactly one of the code blocks is executed, 
#corresponding to the first BOOLEAN EXPRESSION which evaluates to True 
#(or the final code block corresponding to the else 
#in the case that none of the BOOLEAN EXPRESSIONS evaluates to True).
#The elif and else statements are optional.


# In[3]:


#Example
def printSign(n):
    if n < 0:
        print 'Negative'
    elif n > 0:
        print 'Positive'
printSign(10)
#what does this print


# In[126]:


#What about printSign(0) what happens there?
def printSign(n):
    if n>0:
        print 'Positive'
    elif n<0:
        print 'Negative'
    elif n==0:
        print 'Zero'
    print 'my name is timnit'


# In[130]:


#What does this print? Do you understand why?
printSign(0)


# In[ ]:


#for Statements: The for statement allows you to iterate over data 
#in Python (for example,iterating over items in a list, 
#or characters in str).
#for var in v:
#    CODE BLOCK
#In the for loop below, x is like var and fruits is like v 


# In[204]:


fruits = ['orange', 'pineapple', 'banana', 'mango']
my_fruits=[]
for x in fruits:
    my_fruits += ['my_'+x]

fruits[0]='my_' + fruits[0]
fruits[1]='my_'+ fruits[1]
print my_fruits


# In[11]:


#For loop example
fruits = ['orange', 'pineapple', 'banana', 'mango']
pluralFruits = []
for x in fruits:
    plural = x + 's'
    print x,plural
    pluralFruits += [plural]
print pluralFruits


# In[ ]:


#While statements
#The while statement allows you to repeatedly execute a code block 
#as long as some bool expression evaluates to True.
#while BOOLEAN EXPRESSION:
#   CODE BLOCK


# In[183]:


#While loop example
x = []
y=0
while True:
    x += [y] 
    y += 1
    print x
    print y
    if y < 3:
        break
   
#print x
#print y


# In[ ]:


#break and continue: Sometimes you might want to stop iterating 
#in a for or while early, or just skip some particular iteration. 
#The break and continue statements are useful for this. 
#break exits the loop early, and continue moves back to
#the beginning of the loop.


# In[200]:


myList = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
for x in myList:
    if x < 5:
        continue
    print x


# In[202]:


#Example: Both of these code examples print only the odd numbers between 0 and 5.
myList = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
for x in myList:
    if x > 5: 
        break
    elif x%2 == 0:
        continue
    else:
        print x


# In[201]:


# Example with while loop x=0
x=0
while True:
    if x > 5: 
        break
    elif x%2 == 0:
        x += 1 #<----What happens if I leave out this line?
        continue
    else:
        print x
    x += 1


# In[209]:


#Other useful functions: 
#It will be helpful for today's lab to know the following functions.
#len(x) returns the length of an iterable data 
#type (such as a str or list) as an int. For example,
print len('abc') 
print len(['a', 'b', 'c']) 
print len(['a', ['b', 'c', 'd']])

print type('abc')
print type(['a', 'b', 'c'])
print type(5)


# In[207]:


#range(x) returns a list of ints from 0 to x − 1. 
#example, 
print range(5) 
print range(2, 5) #Start at 2 
print range(0, 10, 2) #give every 2 values back


# In[48]:


# Example 1
for x in range(1000):
   if x == 6:
      break
print x
#What does this print?


# In[210]:


x_str='bbcdefg'
print x_str
print len(x_str)
x_str[0]

x=['a','b','c','d','e','f','g']
print x
print len(x)
print x[0]
x[0]=x_str[0]


# In[107]:


x=5
x=['a','b','c','d','e','f','g']
x[0]=1
print x


# In[110]:


x_str='bbcdefg'
print x_str[0]
print x[0]


# In[111]:


x[0]=x_str[0]