#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# In[1]:


import numpy as np, requests, pandas as pd, time, zipfile, StringIO


# In[2]:


heads={'Albania':'Prime Minister Edi Rama',
'Algeria':'Foreign Minister Ramtane Lamamra',
'Austria':'Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz',
'Belgium':'Prime Minister Charles Michel',
'Benin':'President Thomas Boni Yayi',
'United Kingdom':'Prime Minister David Cameron',
'Bulgaria':'Prime Minister Boyko Borisov',
'Canada':'Public Safety Minister Steven Blaney',
'Croatia':'Prime Minister Zoran Milanovic',
'Czech Republic':'Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka',
'Denmark':'Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt',
'Gabon':'President Ali Bongo Ondimba',
'Georgia':'Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili',
'Germany':'Chancellor Angela Merkel',
'Greece':'Prime Minister Antonis Samaras',
'Hungary':'Prime Minister Viktor Orban',
'Israel':'Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman',
'Italy':'Prime Minister Matteo Renzi',
'Jordan':'King Abdullah II and Queen Rania',
'Latvia':'Prime Minister Laimdota Straujuma',
'Mali':'President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita',
'Niger':'President Mahamadou Issoufou',
'Palestine':'president Mahmud Abbas',
'Portugal':'Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho',
'Romania':'President Klaus Iohannis',
'Russia':'Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov',
'Spain':'Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy',
'Switzerland':'President Simonetta Sommaruga',
'Netherlands':'Prime Minister Mark Rutte',
'Tunisia':'Prime Minister Mehdi Jomaa',
'Turkey':'Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu',
'United Arab Emirates':'Foreign Minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed al-Nahayan',
'Ukraine':'President Petro Poroshenko',
'United States':'Attorney General Eric Holder',
'Bahrain': 'Foreign Minister Sheikh Khaled ben Ahmed Al Khalifa and Prince Abdullah Ben Hamad al-Khalifa',
'Qatar': 'Sheikh Mohamed Ben Hamad Ben Khalifa Al Thani',
'Norway':'Prime Minister Erna Solberg',
'Kosovo': 'President Atifete Jahjaga',
'Poland':'Prime Minister Ewa Kopacz',
'Ireland':'Prime Minister Enda Kenny',
'Slovakia':'Prime Minister Robert Fico',
'Luxembourg':'Prime Minister Xavier Bettel',
'Malta':'Prime Minister Joseph Muscat',
'Slovenia':'Prime Minister Miro Cerar',
'Sweden':'Prime Minister Stefan Lofven',
'Finland':'Prime Minister Alexander Stubb'}


# In[4]:


codes=pd.read_html('http://www.geonames.org/countries/',header=0,infer_types=False)[1]
codes.columns=['ISO2','ISO3','ISONUM','FIPS','Country','Capital','Area','Population','Continent']
codes.set_index('Country',drop=True,inplace=True)
codes.head(5)


# In[37]:


a={}
#for i in heads: #only visitor countries
for i in codes.index: #all countries
    try: a[i]={'code':codes.loc[i]['ISO3']}
    except: print i
a.pop('nan')


# In[164]:


for i in a: #all countries
    if i in heads:
        a[i]['head']=True
    else: a[i]['head']=False


# In[34]:


def cc(country): #country name converters
    if '(' in country: return country[0:country.find('(')-1]
    elif country=="Macao": return "Macau"
    elif country=="Republic of the Congo": return "Congo, Republic of the"
    elif country=="East Timor": return "Timor-Leste"
    elif country==u"Réunion": return u"Réunion"
    elif country==u"São Tomé and Príncipe": return "Sao Tome and Principe"
    elif country=="Gambia": return "The Gambia"
    elif country=="Democratic Republic of the Congo": return "Congo, Democratic Republic of the"
    elif country=="Myanmar [Burma]": return "Burma"
    else: return country

def cc2(country):
    if country=="Montenegro": return "Montenegro[d]"
    elif country=="Kosovo": return "Kosovo[e]"
    elif country=="Serbia": return "Serbia[d]"
    elif country=="Cyprus": return "Cyprus[b]"
    elif country=="United States": return "United States[c]"
    elif country=="Israel": return "Israel[c]"
    elif country=="East Timor": return "Timor-Leste"
    elif country=="Myanmar [Burma]": return "Burma"
    else: return country
    
def cc3(country):
    if country=="Palestine": return "West Bank"
    elif country=="Ivory Coast": return "Cote d'Ivoire"
    elif country=="East Timor": return "Timor-Leste"
    elif country=="Myanmar [Burma]": return "Burma"
    else: return country


# In[10]:


rel=pd.read_html('http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religions_by_country')[1][1:].drop([1,2,3,4,6]+range(8,20),axis=1)
rel.columns=['Country','Christian','Muslim']
rel=rel.set_index('Country',drop=True)
rel.index=[cc(i) for i in rel.index]
rel.head()


# In[15]:


bad=[]
for i in a:
    try: 
        for j in ['Christian','Muslim']:
            c=rel.loc[cc(i)][j]
            c=c[0:c.find('%')-1]
            a[i][j]=float(c)
    except: 
        bad.append(i)
        print i
for i in bad: a.pop(i)


# In[17]:


def impex(country,source,db):
    #can get import values from both HS and SITC classification databases
    df=pd.read_html('http://atlas.media.mit.edu/explore/tree_map/'+db+'/'+source+'/'+country+'/show/all/2012/',infer_types=False)[0].drop([0,2,3],axis=1)
    df.columns=['Country','Value']
    df=df.set_index('Country')
    return float(df.loc['fra'][0].strip('%'))


# In[46]:


errors=[]
for source in ['import','export']:
    for db in ['sitc']:
        for i in a:
            count=0
            while count<5:
                time.sleep(0.1) # delays for 0.1 seconds
                try: 
                    a[i][source]=impex(a[i]['code'],source,db)
                    count=5
                    print i, 'Success',source,db
                except:
                    count+=1
                    if count==4: a[i][source]='none'
                    print i, 'retry '+repr(count),source,db
                    errors.append(i)


# In[161]:


#set press freedom level
press=pd.read_html('http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index')[2][1:].drop(range(2,13),axis=1)
press.columns=['Country','Value']
press=press.set_index('Country',drop=True)
press.index=[cc2(i) for i in press.index]
#press.head()

bad=[]
for i in a:
    try: 
        c=press.loc[cc2(i)][0]
        c=c[c.find(')')+2:]
        a[i]['press']=float(c)
    except: 
        bad.append(i)
        print i
for i in bad: a.pop(i)


# In[13]:


# alternative, set press freedom ranking instead of value
press=pd.read_html('http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index')[2][1:].drop(range(1,13),axis=1)
press['index1'] = press.index
press.columns=['Country','Value']
press=press.set_index('Country',drop=True)
#press.head()

bad=[]
for i in a:
    try: 
        c=press.loc[cc2(i)][0]
        a[i]['press']=float(c)
    except: 
        bad.append(i)
        print i
for i in bad: a.pop(i)


# In[37]:


r = requests.get('http://gothos.info/resource_files/country_centroids.zip')            #define URL path of zip file to read
z = zipfile.ZipFile(StringIO.StringIO(r.content)) 
coord=pd.read_csv(z.open('country_centroids_all.csv'),sep='\t').drop(['DMS_LAT','DMS_LONG','MGRS','JOG','DSG','FULL_NAME','ISO3136','AFFIL','FIPS10','MOD_DATE'],axis=1)
coord.columns=['LAT','LONG','Country']
coord=coord.set_index('Country',drop=True)
coord.head()


# In[31]:


from math import radians, cos, sin, asin, sqrt
def haversine(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2):
    # convert decimal degrees to radians 
    lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2 = map(radians, [lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2])
    # haversine formula 
    dlon = lon2 - lon1 
    dlat = lat2 - lat1 
    a = sin(dlat/2)**2 + cos(lat1) * cos(lat2) * sin(dlon/2)**2
    c = 2 * asin(sqrt(a)) 
    km = 6367 * c
    return km


# In[160]:


bad=[]
for i in a:
    try: 
        a[i]['dist']=round(haversine(float(coord.loc[cc3(i)]['LAT']),float(coord.loc[cc3(i)]['LONG']),\
                                    float(coord.loc['France']['LAT']),float(coord.loc['France']['LONG'])))
    except: 
        bad.append(i)
for i in bad: a.pop(i)


# In[40]:


#save data
import json
file('data5.json','w').write(json.dumps(a))


# Data preparation done, do visualizations

# In[10]:


import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
get_ipython().run_line_magic('matplotlib', 'inline')


# In[162]:


import mpld3
mpld3.enable_notebook()


# In[12]:


#set impex to 0 instead of 'none' for graphing compatibility
for i in a:
    if a[i]['import']=='none': a[i]['import']=0
    if a[i]['export']=='none': a[i]['export']=0


# In[165]:


fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1,subplot_kw=dict(axisbg='#EEEEEE'),figsize=(13,9))   
ax.grid(color='white', linestyle='solid')

#set manual labels [waiting for MPLD3 support]
ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.NullFormatter())
ylabels=[0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100]
ax.set_yticks(np.log10(ylabels))
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.NullFormatter())
xlabels=[0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30]
ax.set_xticks(np.log10(xlabels))

ax.set_ylim(np.log10([0.08,150]))
ax.set_xlim(np.log10([0.15,35]))

ax.text(0.125,-0.05,0.3,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(0.35,-0.05,1,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(0.55,-0.05,3,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(0.77,-0.05,10,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(0.97,-0.05,30,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')

ax.text(-0.015,0.02,0.1,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(-0.015,0.16,0.3,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(-0.015,0.32,1,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(-0.015,0.47,3,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(-0.015,0.63,10,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(-0.015,0.775,30,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(-0.015,0.93,100,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')

ax.set_xlabel("Share of imports from France [%]",size=16,labelpad=33)
ax.set_ylabel("Share of exports to France [%]",size=16,labelpad=33)
ax.text(0.5,1.03,'Bilateral trade with France',horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=24,color='k')

for i in a:
    if i=='France': continue
    if a[i]['import']<0.1: continue
    else: x=np.log10(a[i]['import'])
    if a[i]['export']<0.1: continue
    else: y=np.log10(a[i]['export'])
    s=a[i]['press']
    if a[i]['head']: 
        p=0.6
        c='r'
        z=2000-s
    else: 
        p=0.2
        c='b'
        z=1000-s
    
    plt.scatter(x,y,s*30,c=c,alpha=p,zorder=z)
    ax.text(x,y,a[i]['code'],horizontalalignment='center',verticalalignment='center',size=6+s/4,color='w',zorder=z+1)
    scatter=plt.scatter(x,y,s*30,c=c,alpha=0.05,zorder=z+2)
    tooltip = mpld3.plugins.PointLabelTooltip(scatter, labels=[i])
    mpld3.plugins.connect(fig, tooltip)
    
plt.scatter(np.log10(35),np.log10(0.122),100*30,c='k',facecolor='none',zorder=2010)
plt.scatter(np.log10(35),np.log10(0.109),50*30,c='k',facecolor='none',zorder=2010)
plt.scatter(np.log10(35),np.log10(0.094),10*30,c='k',facecolor='none',zorder=2010)
ax.text(1.01,0.03,10,horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=12,color='k')
ax.text(1.01,0.07,50,horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=12,color='k')
ax.text(1.01,0.1,100,horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=12,color='k')
ax.text(1.03,0.14,'Press Freedom Index (the lower the better)',horizontalalignment='left',rotation=90,transform=ax.transAxes,size=14,color='k')

plt.scatter(np.log10(0.2),np.log10(110),10*30,c='r',zorder=2010,alpha=0.6)
plt.scatter(np.log10(0.2),np.log10(80),10*30,c='b',zorder=2010,alpha=0.2)
ax.text(0.07,0.95,'present at march',horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=12,color='k')
ax.text(0.07,0.91,'absent at march',horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=12,color='k')

plt.show()


# In[151]:


fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1,subplot_kw=dict(axisbg='#EEEEEE'),figsize=(13,9))   
ax.grid(color='white', linestyle='solid')

#set manual labels [waiting for MPLD3 support]
ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.NullFormatter())
ylabels=[0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100]
ax.set_yticks(np.log10(ylabels))
#ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.NullFormatter())
#xlabels=[0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30]
#ax.set_xticks(np.log10(xlabels))

ax.set_ylim(np.log10([0.08,150]))
ax.set_xlim([0,16000])

#ax.text(0.125,-0.05,0.3,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
#ax.text(0.35,-0.05,1,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
#ax.text(0.55,-0.05,3,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
#ax.text(0.77,-0.05,10,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
#ax.text(0.97,-0.05,30,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')

ax.text(-0.015,0.02,0.1,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(-0.015,0.16,0.3,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(-0.015,0.32,1,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(-0.015,0.47,3,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(-0.015,0.63,10,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(-0.015,0.775,30,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
ax.text(-0.015,0.93,100,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')

ax.set_xlabel("Geographical distance from France [km]",size=16,labelpad=25)
ax.set_ylabel("Sum of import trade share + export trade share with France [%]",size=16,labelpad=37)
ax.text(0.5,1.03,'Total bilateral trade vs. Distance from France ',horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=24,color='k')

for i in a:
    if i=='France': continue
    if a[i]['import']+a[i]['export']<0.1: continue
    else: y=np.log10(a[i]['import']+a[i]['export'])
    x=a[i]['dist']
    s=a[i]['press']
    if a[i]['head']: 
        p=0.6
        c='r'
        z=2000-s
    else: 
        p=0.2
        c='b'
        z=1000-s
    
    plt.scatter(x,y,s*30,c=c,alpha=p,zorder=z)
    ax.text(x,y,a[i]['code'],horizontalalignment='center',verticalalignment='center',size=6+s/4,color='w',zorder=z+1)
    scatter=plt.scatter(x,y,s*30,c=c,alpha=0.05,zorder=z+2)
    tooltip = mpld3.plugins.PointLabelTooltip(scatter, labels=[i])
    mpld3.plugins.connect(fig, tooltip)
    
plt.scatter(16000,np.log10(0.122),100*30,c='k',facecolor='none',zorder=2010)
plt.scatter(16000,np.log10(0.109),50*30,c='k',facecolor='none',zorder=2010)
plt.scatter(16000,np.log10(0.094),10*30,c='k',facecolor='none',zorder=2010)
ax.text(1.01,0.03,10,horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=12,color='k')
ax.text(1.01,0.07,50,horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=12,color='k')
ax.text(1.01,0.1,100,horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=12,color='k')
ax.text(1.03,0.14,'Press Freedom Index (the lower the better)',horizontalalignment='left',rotation=90,transform=ax.transAxes,size=14,color='k')

plt.scatter(12000,np.log10(110),10*30,c='r',zorder=2010,alpha=0.6)
plt.scatter(12000,np.log10(80),10*30,c='b',zorder=2010,alpha=0.2)
ax.text(0.77,0.95,'present at march',horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=12,color='k')
ax.text(0.77,0.91,'absent at march',horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=12,color='k')

plt.show()


# In[166]:


#switch back to mpl, disable mpld3
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
get_ipython().run_line_magic('matplotlib', 'inline')


# In[185]:


fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1,subplot_kw=dict(axisbg='#EEEEEE'),figsize=(13,9))   
ax.grid(color='white', linestyle='solid')

#set manual labels [waiting for MPLD3 support]
ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.NullFormatter())
ylabels=[0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100]
ax.set_yticks(np.log10(ylabels))
#ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.NullFormatter())
#xlabels=[0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30]
#ax.set_xticks(np.log10(xlabels))

ylims=np.log10([0.08,150])
xlims=[0,16000]
ax.set_ylim(ylims)
ax.set_xlim(xlims)

#ax.text(0.125,-0.05,0.3,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
#ax.text(0.35,-0.05,1,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
#ax.text(0.55,-0.05,3,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
#ax.text(0.77,-0.05,10,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')
#ax.text(0.97,-0.05,30,horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=16,color='k')

ax.text(-0.01,0.02,0.1,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=11,color='k')
ax.text(-0.01,0.16,0.3,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=11,color='k')
ax.text(-0.01,0.32,1,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=11,color='k')
ax.text(-0.01,0.47,3,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=11,color='k')
ax.text(-0.01,0.63,10,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=11,color='k')
ax.text(-0.01,0.775,30,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=11,color='k')
ax.text(-0.01,0.93,100,horizontalalignment='right',transform=ax.transAxes,size=11,color='k')

ax.set_xlabel("Geographical distance from France [km]",size=13,labelpad=10)
ax.set_ylabel("Sum of import trade share + export trade share with France [%]",size=13,labelpad=30)
ax.text(0.5,1.03,'Total bilateral trade vs. Distance from France vs. Religion',horizontalalignment='center',transform=ax.transAxes,size=24,color='k')


#sort dictionary based on press index (large points go to the bottom)
b=[]
for i in range(len(a.keys())):
    if a[a.keys()[i]]['head']: b.append(-a[a.keys()[i]]['press']+100)
    else: b.append(-a[a.keys()[i]]['press'])
ind=np.argsort(b)

for k in ind:
    i=a.keys()[k]
    if i=='France': continue
    if a[i]['import']+a[i]['export']<0.1: continue
    else: y=np.log10(a[i]['import']+a[i]['export'])
    x=a[i]['dist']
    s=a[i]['press']
    if a[i]['head']: 
        p=0.7
        c=[[227/255.0,26/255.0,28/255.0,p],[253/255.0,141/255.0,60/255.0,p],[254/255.0,204/255.0,92/255.0,p]]
        z=2000-s
        c2='w'
    else: 
        p=0.4
        c=[[34/255.0,94/255.0,168/255.0,p],[65/255.0,182/255.0,196/255.0,p],[161/255.0,218/255.0,180/255.0,p]]
        z=1000-s
        c2='w'
    ax2 = fig.add_axes([0.125+x/(xlims[1]-xlims[0])*0.775-s/1600-0.01, 0.385+y/(ylims[1]-ylims[0])*0.775-s/1600-0.01, \
                        0.02+s/800, 0.02+s/800])
    wedges, texts = ax2.pie([a[i]['Muslim'],a[i]['Christian'],100-(a[i]['Muslim']+a[i]['Christian'])],colors=c)
    for w in wedges:
        w.set_linewidth(1)
        w.set_edgecolor([0,0,0,p])
    ax2.axis('equal')
    ax2.axis('off')
    ax2.text(0,0,a[i]['code'],horizontalalignment='center',verticalalignment='center',size=6+s/4.5,color=c2)
    
ax.scatter(16000,np.log10(0.152),250*30,c='k',facecolor='none',zorder=2010)
ax.scatter(16000,np.log10(0.127),125*30,c='k',facecolor='none',zorder=2010)
ax.scatter(16000,np.log10(0.101),30*30,c='k',facecolor='none',zorder=2010)
ax.text(1.01,0.06,10,horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=11,color='k')
ax.text(1.01,0.12,50,horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=11,color='k')
ax.text(1.01,0.17,100,horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=11,color='k')
ax.text(1.02,0.22,'Press Freedom Index (the lower the better)',horizontalalignment='left',verticalalignment='bottom',rotation=90,transform=ax.transAxes,size=13,color='k')

ax.scatter(12000,np.log10(110),10*30,c='r',zorder=2010,alpha=0.6)
ax.scatter(12000,np.log10(80),10*30,c='b',zorder=2010,alpha=0.3)
ax.text(0.77,0.95,'present at march',horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=12,color='k')
ax.text(0.77,0.91,'absent at march',horizontalalignment='left',transform=ax.transAxes,size=12,color='k')

c=['#636363','#bdbdbd','#f0f0f0']
l=['Muslim','Christian','Other']
ax2 = fig.add_axes([0.75,0.75,0.05,0.05])
ax2.pie([0.33,0.33,0.34],colors=c,labels=l,labeldistance=1.4)
ax2.axis('equal')
ax2.axis('off')

plt.show()