#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# <img style="float: right;" src="Jupyter.png">
# <!-- <img style="float: right;" src="https://jupyter.org/assets/main-logo.svg"> -->
# 
# ### Jupyter-Notebook
# a.k.a
# ### IPython-Notebook

# ### - Suraj Deshmukh
# ### @surajssd009005

# ## IPython-Interpreter

# - IPython is a command shell for interactive computing in multiple programming languages
# - It provides a rich architecture for interactive computing
# - It comes with advanced features, which default python interpreter lacks
# - It offers introspection, rich media, shell syntax, tab completion, and history. 

# ## IPython-Notebook
# 
# - IPython Notebook is a web-based interactive computational environment for creating IPython notebooks
# - It's an interactive computational environment, in which you can combine code execution, rich text, mathematics, plots and rich media
# - A browser-based notebook with support for code, text, mathematical expressions, inline plots and other media

# <img style="float: right;" src="jupyter_logo.svg">
# <!-- <img style="float: right;" src="https://jupyter.org/assets/main-logo.svg"> -->
# 
# - It started as a Python specific tool
# - People started writing kernel for other languages
# - Also they wanted to make it language agnostic so the project was renamed
# - *Julia + Python + R = Jupyter* not limited to these three languages, but supports more than 40 programming languages

# ### Features:
# 
# - Execellent tool that combines code and documentation
# - So can be called as *dynamic documentation* tool
# - Tool for doing reproducible research
# - Insert images, text, graphs, etc.
# - Convert the notebook to HTML, Markdown, RST, PDF, Latex, etc.

# - Display rich data representations (e.g. HTML / LaTeX / SVG) in the browser as a result of computations.
# - Compose rich text using Markdown and HTML.
# - Include mathematical equations, rendered directly in the browser by MathJax.
# - Import standard Python scripts.
# - In-browser editing, syntax highlighting, tab completion and autoindentation.
# - Inline figures rendered by the matplotlib library with publication quality, in a range of formats (SVG / PDF / PNG).

# ### Working:
# 
# <img style="float: right;" src="kernel_workflow.png">

# ### Modes of execution
# 
# - Command mode
# - Editing mode
# 
# Pressing **esc** in editing mode will take you to command mode.
# Pressing **enter** on any cell will take you into editing mode.

# ## Sample Python
# 
# Python Interpreter behavior on Notebook

# In[36]:


print 'Hello World'
1 + 3


# - Press **Ctrl + Enter** to execute current cell
# - Press **Shift + Enter** to execute current cell and select below

# In[2]:


22 * 36


# In[1]:


ans = raw_input('Do you find IPython Awesome? : ')
print ans


# Stop execution in the middle using I + I

# In[3]:


import time
for _ in xrange(1000):
    time.sleep(10)


# ## Specialities of IPython

# ### Auto-complete
# 
# Press **tab**, when you are stuck and it will auto-complete.

# In[4]:


import random


# In[ ]:


random.randint


# Auto-complete also works with file names

# In[5]:


open('IPython Notebook.ipynb')


# ### Getting help in IPython

# List IPython Features

# In[6]:


get_ipython().show_usage()


# In[7]:


import time


# Get help related to the module

# In[8]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', 'time')


# Get function help

# In[9]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo', 'time.sleep')


# Open '**source code**' of the module or function

# In[10]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo2', 'random')


# In[11]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('pinfo2', 'random.randint')


# ### Using OS commands in IPython

# Use '**!**'*(bang)* infront of the shell command and execute it.

# In[12]:


get_ipython().system('pwd')


# In[13]:


for _ in xrange(2):
    get_ipython().system("espeak 'Hello World'")


# Mix python code and shell code

# In[14]:


files = get_ipython().getoutput('ls')
print files


# Add python code in shell code using curly braces

# In[16]:


files = get_ipython().getoutput('ls')
print files
print
get_ipython().system('echo {files[0].upper()}')


# ### Other features

# Wildcard search

# In[17]:


import os
get_ipython().run_line_magic('psearch', 'os.*path*')


# Output history

# In[20]:


Out


# Input History

# In[23]:


In


# History in bash style

# In[ ]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('history', '-n')


# It can also interpret commands copied from interpreter

# In[24]:


from collections import defaultdict
s = [('yellow', 1), ('blue', 2), ('yellow', 3), ('blue', 4), ('red', 1)]
d = defaultdict(list)
for k, v in s:
    d[k].append(v)

d.items()


# ## IPython Magics
# 
# The magic function system provides a series of functions which allow you to control the behavior of IPython itself, plus a lot of system-type features.
# 
# Ref: %magic

# Open IPython quick reference

# In[25]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('quickref', '')


# Show help for all IPython Magic functions

# In[26]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('magic', '')


# List currently available magic functions.

# In[27]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('lsmagic', '')


# ### Create and Edit files in Notebook

# Using cell magic to add text to a file

# In[28]:


get_ipython().run_cell_magic('file', 'file.txt', '\nYou can create a new file in this way.\nJust include the syntax above and then write the content below it and file will be created in the server\ndirectory.\n')


# Reading file the python way

# In[30]:


#print open('file.txt').read()
get_ipython().system('cat file.txt')


# ### Timeit python functions

# Time execution of a Python statement or expression (This is line magic)

# In[31]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('timeit', 'range(100)')


# In[32]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('timeit', 'xrange(100)')


# This is a cell magic

# In[33]:


get_ipython().run_cell_magic('timeit', 'range(100)', 'range(1000) \n')


# ### Run pure shell script

# In[34]:


get_ipython().run_cell_magic('bash', '', "echo 'I am in :' $PWD\necho 'Name of this pc is '\nwhoami\necho 'Files and directories in current directory include: '\nls\n")


# ### IPython Exception Handling

# In[ ]:


def a():
    p = 1
    q = 'hi'
    print p + q
    
def b():
    a()

b()


# This command will make *trace* more verbose than it is.

# In[ ]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('xmode', 'verbose')


# In[ ]:


def a():
    p = 1
    q = 'hi'
    print p + q
    
def b():
    a()

b()


# This is default mode of the trace.

# In[ ]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('xmode', 'context')


# ## References
# 
# - http://ipython.org
# - http://ipython.org/notebook.html
# - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPython
# - https://docs.python.org/2/library/collections.html#defaultdict-examples
# - https://github.com/ipython/ipython-in-depth 
# - https://github.com/TwistedHardware/mltutorial/blob/master/notebooks/jupyter/1.Introduction.ipynb

# # Thanks !!
# 
# - github: surajssd
# - bitbucket: suraj_deshmukh
# - twitter: surajssd009005
# - email: surajssd009005@gmail.com
# - site: https://deshmukhsuraj.wordpress.com/

# ## QA