#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# All the IPython Notebooks in this lecture series are available at https://github.com/rajathkumarmp/Python-Lectures

# #Print Statement

# The **print** statement can be used in the following different ways :
# 
#     - print "Hello World"
#     - print "Hello", <Variable Containing the String>
#     - print "Hello" + <Variable Containing the String>
#     - print "Hello %s" % <variable containing the string>

# In[1]:


print "Hello World"


# In Python, single, double and triple quotes are used to denote a string.
# Most use single quotes when declaring a single character. 
# Double quotes when declaring a line and triple quotes when declaring a paragraph/multiple lines.

# In[2]:


print 'Hey'


# In[3]:


print """My name is Rajath Kumar M.P.

I love Python."""


# Strings can be assigned to variable say _string1_ and _string2_ which can called when using the print statement.

# In[4]:


string1 = 'World'
print 'Hello', string1

string2 = '!'
print 'Hello', string1, string2


# String concatenation is the "addition" of two strings. Observe that while concatenating there will be no space between the strings.

# In[5]:


print 'Hello' + string1 + string2


# **%s** is used to refer to a variable which contains a string.

# In[6]:


print "Hello %s" % string1


# Similarly, when using other data types
# 
#     - %s -> string
#     - %d -> Integer
#     - %f -> Float
#     - %o -> Octal
#     - %x -> Hexadecimal
#     - %e -> exponential
#     
# This can be used for conversions inside the print statement itself.

# In[7]:


print "Actual Number = %d" %18
print "Float of the number = %f" %18
print "Octal equivalent of the number = %o" %18
print "Hexadecimal equivalent of the number = %x" %18
print "Exponential equivalent of the number = %e" %18


# When referring to multiple variables parenthesis is used.

# In[8]:


print "Hello %s %s" %(string1,string2)


# ##Other Examples

# The following are other different ways the print statement can be put to use.

# In[9]:


print "I want %%d to be printed %s" %'here'


# In[10]:


print '_A'*10


# In[11]:


print "Jan\nFeb\nMar\nApr\nMay\nJun\nJul\nAug"


# In[12]:


print "I want \\n to be printed."


# In[13]:


print """
Routine:
\t- Eat
\t- Sleep\n\t- Repeat
"""


# #PrecisionWidth and FieldWidth

# Fieldwidth is the width of the entire number and precision is the width towards the right. One can alter these widths based on the requirements.
# 
# The default Precision Width is set to 6.

# In[14]:


"%f" % 3.121312312312


# Notice upto 6 decimal points are returned. To specify the number of decimal points, '%(fieldwidth).(precisionwidth)f' is used.

# In[15]:


"%.5f" % 3.121312312312


# If the field width is set more than the necessary than the data right aligns itself to adjust to the specified values.

# In[16]:


"%9.5f" % 3.121312312312


# Zero padding is done by adding a 0 at the start of fieldwidth.

# In[17]:


"%020.5f" % 3.121312312312


# For proper alignment, a space can be left blank in the field width so that when a negative number is used, proper alignment is maintained.

# In[18]:


print "% 9f" % 3.121312312312
print "% 9f" % -3.121312312312


# '+' sign can be returned at the beginning of a positive number by adding a + sign at the beginning of the field width.

# In[19]:


print "%+9f" % 3.121312312312
print "% 9f" % -3.121312312312


# As mentioned above, the data right aligns itself when the field width mentioned is larger than the actualy field width. But left alignment can be done by specifying a negative symbol in the field width.

# In[20]:


"%-9.3f" % 3.121312312312