#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# # Strings can do operations on themselves #
# `.lower()`, `.upper()`,`.capitalize()`

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"funKY tOwn".capitalize()


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"funky tOwn".lower()


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"fUNKY tOWN".swapcase()


# How you call this:
# > `.split([sep [,maxsplit]])`

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"funKY tOwn".split()


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"funKY tOwn".capitalize().split()


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[x.capitalize() for x in "funKY tOwn".split()]


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"I want to take you to, funKY tOwn".split("u")


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"I want to take you to, funKY tOwn".split("you")


#   

# ## `.strip()`, `.join()`, `.replace()` ##

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csv_string = 'Dog,Cat,Spam,Defenestrate,1, 3.1415   \n\t'
csv_string.strip()


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clean_list = [x.strip() for x in csv_string.split(",")]
print(clean_list)


# `.join()`  allows you to glue a list of strings together with a certain string

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print(",".join(clean_list))


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print("\t".join(clean_list))


# `.replace()` strings in strings

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csv_string = 'Dog,Cat,Spam,Defenestrate,1, 3.1415   \n\t'
alt_csv = csv_string.strip().replace(' ','')
print(alt_csv)


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print(csv_string.strip().replace(' ','').replace(',','\t'))


#   

# ## `.find()` ##
# incredibly useful searching,
# returning the index of the search

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s = 'My Funny Valentine'
s.find("y")


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s.find("y",2)


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s[s.find("Funny"):]


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s.find("z")


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ss = [s,"Argentine","American","Quarentine"]
for thestring in ss:
   if thestring.find("tine") != -1:
      print("'" + str(thestring) + "' contains 'tine'.")


#   

# ## `string` module ##
# exposes useful variables and functions  

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import string


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string.ascii_letters


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string.digits


#   

# ## String Formatting ##
# casting using str() is very limited
# Python gives access to C-like string formatting

#        usage:  “%(format)” % (variable)

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import math
print("My favorite integer is %i and my favorite float is %f,\n" 
      " which to three decimal places is %.3f and in exponential form is %e" 
     % (3,math.pi,math.pi,math.pi))


# common formats:
# 
#     f (float), i (integer), s (string), g (nicely formatting floats)
#     
# http://docs.python.org/release/2.7.2/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting-operations

#    

# ## String Formatting ##
# 
# > % escapes “%”

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print("I promise to give 100%% effort whenever asked of %s." % ("me"))


# > \+ and zero-padding

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print("%f\n%+f\n%f\n%010f\n%10s" % (math.pi,math.pi,-1.0*math.pi,math.pi,"pi"))


#    

# ## String Formatting ##
# 
# the (somewhat) preferred way
# 
# is `string.format(value0,value1,....)`

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'on {0}, I feel {1}'.format("saturday","groovy")


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'on {}, I feel {}'.format("saturday","groovy")


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'on {0}, I feel {1}'.format(["saturday","groovy"])


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'on {0}, I feel {0}'.format(["saturday","groovy"])


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'on {0}, I feel {0}'.format("saturday","groovy")


# you can assign by argument position or by name

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'{desire} to {place}'.format(desire='Fly me',\
                             place='The Moon')


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'{desire} to {place} or else I wont visit {place}.'.format( \
                 desire='Fly me',place='The Moon')


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f = {"desire": "I want to take you", "place": "funky town"}


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'{desire} to {place}'.format(**f)


#   

# ### Formatting comes after a colon (:) ###

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("%03.2f" % 3.14159) ==  "{:03.2f}".format(3.14159)


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"{0:03.2f}".format(3.14159,42)


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"{1:03.2f}".format(3.14159,42)


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# format also supports binary numbers
"int: {0:d};  hex: {0:x};  oct: {0:o};  bin: {0:b}".format(42)


#   

# # File I/O (read/write) #
# 
# `.open()` and `.close()` are builtin functions

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get_ipython().run_cell_magic('file', 'mydata.dat', 'This is my zeroth file I/O. Zing!\n')


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file_stream = open('mydata.dat','r') ; print(type(file_stream))
file_stream.close()


# open modes: `r` (read), `w` (write), `r+` (read + update), `rb` (read as a binary stream, ...), `rt` (read as text file)
# 
# Writing data: `.write()` or `.writelines()`

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f= open("test.dat","w")
f.write("This is my first file I/O. Zing!")
f.close()
get_ipython().system('cat test.dat')


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f= open("test.dat","w")
f.writelines(["a=['This is my second file I/O.']\n","Take that Dr. Zing!\n"])
f.close()
get_ipython().system('cat test.dat')


# Likewise, there is `.readlines()` and `.read()`

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f= open("test.dat","r")
data = f.readlines()
f.close() ; print(data)


#   

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get_ipython().run_cell_magic('file', 'tabbify_my_csv.py', '"""\nsmall copy program that turns a csv file into a tabbed file\n\n  PYTHON BOOT CAMP EXAMPLE; \n    created by Josh Bloom at UC Berkeley, 2010,2012,2013,2015 (ucbpythonclass+bootcamp@gmail.com)\n\n"""\nimport os\n\ndef tabbify(infilename,outfilename,ignore_comments=True,comment_chars="#;/"):\n    """\nINPUT: infilename\nOUTPUT: creates a file called outfilename\n    """\n    if not os.path.exists(infilename):\n        return  # do nothing if the file isn\'t there\n    f = open(infilename,"r")\n    o = open(outfilename,"w")\n    inlines = f.readlines() ; f.close()\n    outlines = []\n    for l in inlines:\n        if ignore_comments and (l[0] in comment_chars):\n            outlines.append(l)\n        else:\n            outlines.append(l.replace(",","\\t"))\n    o.writelines(outlines) ; o.close()\n')


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get_ipython().run_line_magic('run', 'tabbify_my_csv.py')
tabbify("google_share_price.csv","google_share_price.tsv")


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get_ipython().system('cat google_share_price.csv |head')


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get_ipython().system('cat google_share_price.tsv |head')


#   

# # File I/O (read/write) #
# 
# `shutil` module is preferred for copying, archiving & removing files/directories
# 
# http://docs.python.org/library/shutil.html#module-shutil
# 
# 
# `tempfile` module is used for the creation of temporary directories and files
# 
# http://www.doughellmann.com/PyMOTW/tempfile/

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import tempfile
tmp = tempfile.TemporaryFile() ; type(tmp)


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tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".csv",\
                           prefix="boot",dir="/tmp",delete=False)
print(tmp.name)


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tmp.write(bytes("# stock phrases of today's youth\nWassup?!,OMG,LOL,BRB,Python\n","utf-8"))
tmp.close()
get_ipython().system('cat $tmp.name')


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tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".csv",\
                           prefix="boot",dir="/tmp",delete=False)
print(tmp.name)
tmp.write(b"# stock phrases of today's youth\nWassup?!,OMG,LOL,BRB,Python\n")
tmp.close()
get_ipython().system('cat $tmp.name')


#   

# # `io` module  `StringIO`/`BytesIO` #
# 
# handy for making file-like objects out of strings

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import io
myfile = io.StringIO( \
   "# stock phrases of today's youth\nWassup?!,OMG,LOL,BRB,Python\n")
myfile.getvalue()  ## get what we just wrote


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myfile.seek(0)     ## go back to the beginning
myfile.readlines()


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myfile.close()


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myfile.write('not gonna happen')


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myfile = io.BytesIO(b"# stock phrases of today's youth\nWassup?!,OMG,LOL,BRB,Python\n")


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myfile.seek(2)  ; myfile.write(b"silly wah wah") ; myfile.seek(0)


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myfile.readlines()


# # `subprocess` module #

# `subprocess` is the preferred way to interact with other programs, as you might do on the command line

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from subprocess import *
p = Popen("ls", shell=True, stdout=PIPE)  # list the directory
p.pid  # get the process ID of the new subprocess


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print(p.stdout.readlines())


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p = Popen("vanRossum-Trump-2016", shell=True, stdout=PIPE,stderr=PIPE)


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print(p.stderr.readlines())


# it's often advisable to wait until the subprocess has finished

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p = Popen("find .. -name '*.py'", shell=True, stdout=PIPE,stderr=PIPE)


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os.waitpid(p.pid, 0)  ## this will block until the search is done


# (c) J Bloom 2013-2015 All Rights Reserved

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