#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# # Backpropagation

# In[43]:


class MulLayer:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = None
        self.y = None

    def forward(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y                
        out = x * y

        return out

    def backward(self, din):
        dx = din * self.y
        dy = din * self.x

        return dx, dy


class AddLayer:
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def forward(self, x, y):
        out = x + y

        return out

    def backward(self, din):
        dx = din * 1
        dy = din * 1

        return dx, dy


# In[44]:


apple = 100
apple_num = 2
tax = 1.1

mul_apple_layer = MulLayer()
mul_tax_layer = MulLayer()

# forward
apple_price = mul_apple_layer.forward(apple, apple_num)
price = mul_tax_layer.forward(apple_price, tax)
print("price:", int(price), end="\n\n")

# backward
dprice = 1
dapple_price, dtax = mul_tax_layer.backward(dprice)
print("dapple_price:", dapple_price)
print("dtax:", dtax, end="\n\n")

dapple, dapple_num = mul_apple_layer.backward(dapple_price)
print("dapple:", dapple)
print("dapple_num:", int(dapple_num))


# ## Affine 계층

# In[110]:


a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print(a.ndim, a.shape)
print(a)
print()
print(np.sum(a))
print(np.sum(a, axis=0)) # Axis along which a sum is performed.
print(np.sum(a, axis=1))


# In[119]:


class Affine:
    def __init__(self, W, b):
        self.W = W
        self.b = b        
        self.x = None
        self.dW = None
        self.db = None

    def forward(self, x):
        self.x = x
        out = np.dot(self.x, self.W) + self.b
        return out

    def backward(self, din):
        dx = np.dot(din, self.W.T)
        self.dW = np.dot(self.x.T, din)
        self.db = np.sum(din, axis=0)
        return dx


# In[139]:


x = np.array([[1, 2]])
W = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
b = np.array([7, 8, 9])
print("x.shape: {0}, W.shape: {1}, b.shape: {2}".format(x.shape, W.shape, b.shape))
print()

affine = Affine(W, b)
out = affine.forward(x)
print("out: {0}, out.shape: {1}".format(out, out.shape))
print()

din = np.ones_like(out) # [[1, 1, 1]]
dx = affine.backward(din)
print("dx.shape: {0}, dW.shape: {1}, db.shape: {2}".format(dx.shape, affine.dW.shape, affine.db.shape))
print("dx: {0}".format(dx))
print("affine.dW: \n{0}".format(affine.dW))
print("affine.db: {0}".format(affine.db))


# In[141]:


x = np.array([[1, 2], [2, 4]])
W = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
b = np.array([7, 8, 9])
print("x.shape: {0}, W.shape: {1}, b.shape: {2}".format(x.shape, W.shape, b.shape))
print()

affine = Affine(W, b)
out = affine.forward(x)
print("out: \n{0}\nout.shape: {1}".format(out, out.shape))
print()

din = np.ones_like(out)
dx = affine.backward(din)
print("dx.shape: {0}, dW.shape: {1}, db.shape: {2}".format(dx.shape, affine.dW.shape, affine.db.shape))
print("dx: {0}".format(dx))
print("affine.dW: \n{0}".format(affine.dW))
print("affine.db: {0}".format(affine.db))


# In[100]:


import numpy as np

def softmax(x):
    if x.ndim == 2:
        x = x.T
        x = x - np.max(x, axis=0)
        y = np.exp(x) / np.sum(np.exp(x), axis=0)
        return y.T 

    x = x - np.max(x)
    return np.exp(x) / np.sum(np.exp(x))

def cross_entropy_error(y, t):
    #print(y.shape, t.shape)
    if y.ndim == 1:
        y = y.reshape(1, y.size)
        t = t.reshape(1, t.size)

    if t.size == y.size:
        t = t.argmax(axis=1)

    batch_size = y.shape[0]
    return -np.sum(np.log(y[np.arange(batch_size), t])) / batch_size

class Relu:
    def __init__(self):
        self.mask = None

    def forward(self, x):
        self.mask = (x <= 0)
        out = x.copy()
        out[self.mask] = 0
        return out

    def backward(self, din):
        din[self.mask] = 0
        dx = din
        return dx

class Sigmoid:
    def __init__(self):
        self.out = None

    def forward(self, x):
        out = sigmoid(x)
        self.out = out
        return out

    def backward(self, din):
        dx = din * self.out * (1.0 - self.out)
        return dx

class SoftmaxWithLoss:
    def __init__(self):
        self.loss = None
        self.y = None
        self.t = None
    
    def forward(self, x, t):
        self.t = t
        self.y = softmax(x)
        self.loss = cross_entropy_error(self.y, self.t)
        return self.loss

    def backward(self, din=1):
        batch_size = self.t.shape[0]
        dx = (self.y - self.t) / float(batch_size)        
        return dx