#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# # Data Structures, Functions, and Files
# tuples, lists,  dicts, and sets

# ### Tuple
# * A tuple is a 1-d fixed-lenght, immutable sequence of Python objects
# * use `()` brackets or 'tuple'

# In[1]:


tup = ((1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9))
tup


# In[3]:


my_list = [2, 4, 6]
type(my_list)


# In[4]:


tup2 = tuple(my_list)
tup2


# In[5]:


my_string = "Hello, world!"
type(my_string)


# In[6]:


tup3 = tuple(my_string)
tup3


# In[7]:


tup3[0:5]


# In[9]:


# tuples are immutable
tup3[0] = "h"


# In[10]:


tup4 = tuple(["foo", (2, 4, 6), range(5)])
tup4


# In[19]:


tup4[1].append(3)
tup4


# In[18]:


tup4.count("foo")


# In[28]:


seq = [(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9)]
seq


# In[35]:


for a, b, c in seq:
    print("a = {0}, b = {1}, c = {2}".format(a, b, c))


# In[37]:


values = ((a, b, c), (range(20)))
values


# In[38]:


y, *rest = values


# In[39]:


y


# In[40]:


rest


# ## List
# * Defined using `[]` brackets

# In[66]:


my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
type(my_list)


# In[67]:


my_list


# In[68]:


new_list = [10, 11, 12, 14, 15]
my_list.append(new_list)
my_list


# In[69]:


my_list + new_list


# In[70]:


my_list.pop(9)
my_list


# In[71]:


my_list.remove(8)
my_list


# In[72]:


new_list + my_list


# In[83]:


a = [7, 2, 5, 1, 3]
a.sort()
a


# In[77]:


type(sort_list)


# In[79]:


sort_list is None


# ## dict
# * A Python dictionary called a hash map or an associated array
# * Made of key value pairs
# * Use curly braces `{}` and colons

# In[86]:


my_info = {"name" : "daniel", 
          "age" : 30, 
          "degree" : "phd", 
          "skills"  : ["R", "Python", "C++"]}


# In[87]:


my_info


# In[88]:


my_info["skills"]


# In[89]:


"name" in my_info


# In[91]:


my_info["colleges"] = ["UDSM", "TSU", "UNLV"]
my_info


# ## set

# In[96]:


set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
set2 = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 4, 4}


# In[97]:


set1.union(set2)


# In[99]:


set1 | set2


# In[98]:


set1.intersection(set2)


# In[100]:


set1 & set2


# ## Functions

# In[104]:


def my_func():
    a = 4
    b = 6
    c = 8
    return{"a" : a, "b" : b, "c" : c}


# In[106]:


my_func()


# In[107]:


states = ['   Alabama ', 'Georgia!', 'Georgia', 'georgia', 'FlOrIda', 'south   carolina##', 'West virginia?']


# In[109]:


import re
def clean_strings(strings):    
    result = []    
    for value in strings:        
        value = value.strip()        
        value = re.sub('[!#?]', '', value)        
        value = value.title()        
        result.append(value)    
        return result


# In[110]:


clean_strings(states)


# ### lambda (anonymous) functions
# A way of writing functions consisting of a single statement, the result of which is a return value

# In[111]:


anon_func = lambda x: x * 2


# In[113]:


anon_func(2)


# ## Files and the operation system

# In[121]:


path = "examples/segismundo.txt"
f = open(path)


# In[122]:


lines = [x.rstrip() for x in f]
lines


# In[123]:


f.close()


# In[124]:


with open(path) as f:
    lines = [x.rstrip() for x in f]


# In[125]:


lines


# In[129]:


with open(path) as f:
    lines = f.readlines()

lines    


# In[ ]: