#You need a language to communicate with a computer just like we have diferent
#languages to communicate with each other
#Different languages have different rules: grammar rules in English are different from rules in Amharic
#Can you give me an example of rules that are different in english and Amharic?
#The same way there are different langauges to communicate with computers
#Each language has their own rules
#But there are some things common to every language. For example, both English & Amharic have words.
#Words are something common to all languages.
#In this class we will learn about
#Basic data types: int, long, float, bool, str, list.
#Uncomment these one at a time to see what data type they are
#Uncomment means remove # from the line
#type(5)
#type(5.0)
#type('5')
#type(True)
#type(False)
#type('My name is Timnit')
#type([1,2,3,4])
type(['timnit','5',6,True])
list
#Operators for numerical data types (int,long,float)
#+ adds 2 values just like math
#What are other mathematical operators you know? (I just gave you a hint +)
5+2
#- subtract 2 values
5-2
#* Multiply 2 values
#5∗2
#/ divide two values, rounds down for ints
#5.0/2.0
#5.0/2
#%“mod”, remainder after division
#5%2
#∗∗exponentiation
#5**2
#division with floor (rounds down to integer value)
5.0//2.0
#5//2
2.0
#Operators and indexing for strings
#'hi' + ' there'
#'hi'*3
#'abcdefg'[3]
#'abcdefg'[3:5]
'def'
#Operators for bools (True,False)
#and, or, not
#True and True
#True and False
#False and True
#False and False
#----------------
#True or True
#True or False
#False or True
#False or False
#-----------------
#not True
#not False
True
#Operators for lists
#+ concatenates two lists
#'5' #What type is this str,bool,int
#[5] + [2]
#* repeat a list several times (list*int or int*list)
#[1,2]*3
#[i] gives ith element in the list
#['a','b','c']
#What about ['a','b','c'][1]
#[i : j] means take sublist from element i to j − 1
#['a','b','c','d','e'][1:3] #Can you guess what this will be?
['b', 'c']
#Comparison operators
#5 == 2 #==True if a equals b. What is the answer?
#5 != 2 #!= True if a doesn’t equal b asnwer? #space between equal and ! gives error
#5 <> 2 #<> Same as ! =
#5 > 2 #> True if a is greater than b
#5 < 2 #< True if a is less than b
#5 >= 2 #>= True if a is greater than or equal to b. Answer?
#5 <= 2 #True if a is less than or equal to b
File "<ipython-input-326-42c420479d35>", line 3 5 ! = 2 #!= True if a doesn’t equal b asnwer? #space between equal and ! gives error ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax
#Assignment Operators
#Left hand side is a variable, call it “x”, and right hand side is an expression, call it “b”
#=Sets x to the result of b
x = 5 + 2
#x #or print x
#+= Sets x to x+b
#x= x+5+2
x += 5 + 2 #a space between + and = gives error
x
#−=Sets x to x−b
x=x-(5+2)
x -= 5 + 2 #a space between - and = gives error
x
#∗=Sets x to x∗b
x=x*(5+2)
x *= 5 + 2 #Guess what this does
#x
#/=Sets x to x/b
x=x/(5+3)
#x /= 5 + 3 #Same as x=x/(5+3)
#x
#%=Sets x to x%b
x=x%(5+2)
#x %= 5 + 2 #x=x% (5+2) #x%5+2 gives something different what?
#x
#∗∗ =Sets x to x∗∗b
#x **= 2 #x=x**2
#x
#//= Sets x to x//b
#x//= 5 + 2
#x
7
#Operator Precedence, from highest precedence to lowest
#(remember you can override operator precedence using parentheses)
#Operation
#∗∗
#∗ / % //
#+−
#<= < > >=
#<>== !=
#= %= /= //= −= += ∗= ∗∗=
#not or and
#not 0 and 0 #Vs. not (0 and 0)
#2**5+2 #vs 2**(5+2) vs (2**5)+2
not True and False
True
#We define functions to do different things for us.
#For example the following function adds 2 to any number
def addTwo(n):
n = n+n
return n
#return n+2
#addTwo(3)
#addTwo('abc')
#addTwo([1,2,3])
X=True
x=False
print X
print x
True False
#We define functions to do different things for us.
#For example the following function adds 2 to any number
def addTwo(n): #<----syntax, need colon. What happens if we don't have that?
#return n+2 #<----what happens if we don't return n+2? Just have n += 2 or n=n+2
#n +=2 same as return n+2
#return n
addTwo(5) #What do you think this would give us?
7
#Note: variables can point to functions
x=addTwo
x
print x(2) #What is the output here?
print x() #What happens here.
print x(2,3)
4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-362-9348d1d03f79> in <module>() 3 x 4 print x(2) #What is the output here? ----> 5 print x() #What happens here. 6 print x(2,3) TypeError: addTwo() takes exactly 1 argument (0 given)