In [ ]:
#You need a language to communicate with a computer just like we have diferent
#languages to communicate with each other
#Different languages have different rules: grammar rules in English are different from rules in Amharic
#Can you give me an example of rules that are different in english and Amharic?
#The same way there are different langauges to communicate with computers
#Each language has their own rules
#But there are some things common to every language. For example, both English & Amharic have words.
#Words are something common to all languages.
#In this class we will learn about

In [298]:
#Basic data types: int, long, float, bool, str, list.
#Uncomment these one at a time to see what data type they are
#Uncomment means remove # from the line
#type(5)
#type(5.0)
#type('5')
#type(True)
#type(False)
#type('My name is Timnit')
#type([1,2,3,4])
type(['timnit','5',6,True])

Out[298]:
list
In [305]:
#Operators for numerical data types (int,long,float)
#+ adds 2 values just like math
#What are other mathematical operators you know? (I just gave you a hint +)
5+2

#- subtract 2 values
5-2

#* Multiply 2 values
#5∗2

#/ divide two values, rounds down for ints
#5.0/2.0
#5.0/2

#%“mod”, remainder after division
#5%2

#∗∗exponentiation
#5**2

#division with floor (rounds down to integer value)
5.0//2.0
#5//2

Out[305]:
2.0
In [311]:
#Operators and indexing for strings
#'hi' + ' there'
#'hi'*3
#'abcdefg'[3]
#'abcdefg'[3:5]

Out[311]:
'def'
In [317]:
#Operators for bools (True,False)
#and, or, not
#True and True
#True and False
#False and True
#False and False
#----------------
#True or True
#True or False
#False or True
#False or False
#-----------------
#not True
#not False

Out[317]:
True
In [323]:
#Operators for lists
#+ concatenates two lists
#'5' #What type is this str,bool,int
#[5] + [2]
#* repeat a list several times (list*int or int*list)
#[1,2]*3
#[i] gives ith element in the list
#['a','b','c']
#[i : j] means take sublist from element i to j − 1
#['a','b','c','d','e'][1:3] #Can you guess what this will be?

Out[323]:
['b', 'c']
In [326]:
#Comparison operators
#5 == 2 #==True if a equals b. What is the answer?
#5 != 2 #!= True if a doesn’t equal b asnwer? #space between equal and ! gives error
#5 <> 2 #<> Same as ! =
#5 > 2  #> True if a is greater than b
#5 < 2  #< True if a is less than b
#5 >= 2 #>= True if a is greater than or equal to b. Answer?
#5 <= 2 #True if a is less than or equal to b

  File "<ipython-input-326-42c420479d35>", line 3
5 ! = 2 #!= True if a doesn’t equal b asnwer? #space between equal and ! gives error
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

In [332]:
#Assignment Operators
#Left hand side is a variable, call it “x”, and right hand side is an expression, call it “b”

#=Sets x to the result of b
x = 5 + 2
#x #or print x

#+= Sets x to x+b
#x= x+5+2
x += 5 + 2 #a space between + and = gives error
x

#−=Sets x to x−b
x=x-(5+2)
x -= 5 + 2 #a space between - and = gives error
x

#∗=Sets x to x∗b
x=x*(5+2)
x *= 5 + 2 #Guess what this does
#x

#/=Sets x to x/b
x=x/(5+3)
#x /= 5 + 3 #Same as x=x/(5+3)
#x

#%=Sets x to x%b
x=x%(5+2)
#x %= 5 + 2 #x=x% (5+2) #x%5+2 gives something different what?
#x

#∗∗ =Sets x to x∗∗b
#x **= 2 #x=x**2
#x

#//= Sets x to x//b
#x//= 5 + 2
#x

Out[332]:
7
In [334]:
#Operator Precedence, from highest precedence to lowest
#(remember you can override operator precedence using parentheses)
#Operation
#∗∗
#∗ / % //
#+−
#<= < > >=
#<>== !=
#= %= /= //= −= += ∗= ∗∗=
#not or and

#not 0 and 0  #Vs. not (0 and 0)
#2**5+2 #vs 2**(5+2) vs (2**5)+2

not True and False

Out[334]:
True
In [359]:
#We define functions to do different things for us.
#For example the following function adds 2 to any number

n = n+n
return n
#return n+2
X=True
x=False
print X
print x

True
False

In [236]:
#We define functions to do different things for us.
#For example the following function adds 2 to any number
def addTwo(n):  #<----syntax, need colon. What happens if we don't have that?
#return n+2 #<----what happens if we don't return n+2? Just have n += 2 or n=n+2
#n +=2     same as return n+2
#return n

In [237]:
addTwo(5) #What do you think this would give us?

Out[237]:
7
In [362]:
#Note: variables can point to functions
x
print x(2) #What is the output here?
print x()  #What happens here.
print x(2,3)

4

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-362-9348d1d03f79> in <module>()
3 x
4 print x(2) #What is the output here?
----> 5 print x()  #What happens here.
6 print x(2,3)

TypeError: addTwo() takes exactly 1 argument (0 given)