len('\\')
1
len(r'\\')
2
import re
re.fullmatch?
Type: function
String form: <function fullmatch at 0x103e00730>
File: /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/re.py
Definition: re.fullmatch(pattern, string, flags=0)
Docstring:
Try to apply the pattern to all of the string, returning
a match object, or None if no match was found.
re.fullmatch(r'a*bb*a((a|b)b*a)*', 'aaaba') is not None
True
re.fullmatch(r'a*bb*a((a|b)b*a)*', 'aaabab') is not None
False
re.fullmatch(r'a*bb*a((a|b)b*a)*', 'aaababa') is not None
True
re.findall?
Type: function
String form: <function findall at 0x103e009d8>
File: /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/re.py
Definition: re.findall(pattern, string, flags=0)
Docstring:
Return a list of all non-overlapping matches in the string.
If one or more capturing groups are present in the pattern, return a list of groups; this will be a list of tuples if the pattern has more than one group.
Empty matches are included in the result.
re.findall(r'<.*>', '<h1>Title</h1><h2>Subtitle</h2>')
['<h1>Title</h1><h2>Subtitle</h2>']
re.findall(r'<.*?>', '<h1>Title</h1><h2>Subtitle</h2>')
['<h1>', '</h1>', '<h2>', '</h2>']
re.search?
Type: function
String form: <function search at 0x103e007b8>
File: /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/re.py
Definition: re.search(pattern, string, flags=0)
Docstring:
Scan through string looking for a match to the pattern, returning
a match object, or None if no match was found.
re.search(r'([_0-9a-zA-Z.]+)?@([_0-9a-zA-Z.]+)', 'My email is d.v.kornev@gmail.com')
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(12, 32), match='d.v.kornev@gmail.com'>
mo = re.search(r'([_0-9a-zA-Z.]+)?@([_0-9a-zA-Z.]+)', 'My email is d.v.kornev@gmail.com')
mo.group()
'd.v.kornev@gmail.com'
mo.group(0)
'd.v.kornev@gmail.com'
mo.group(1)
'd.v.kornev'
mo.group(2)
'gmail.com'
re.fullmatch(r'(.*)cad\1', 'abracadabra') is not None
True
re.search(r'.*(?= Newton)', 'Isaac Newton')
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 5), match='Isaac'>
very_big_data = ['some good string'] * 10000 + ['some bad string'] * 10000
len(very_big_data)
20000
def count_good_strings(data):
count = 0
for string in data:
if re.search(r'good', string) is not None:
count += 1
return count
count_good_strings(very_big_data)
10000
%timeit count_good_strings(very_big_data)
10 loops, best of 3: 27.3 ms per loop
def count_good_strings_fast(data):
regex = re.compile(r'good')
count = 0
for string in data:
if regex.search(string):
count += 1
return count
count_good_strings_fast(very_big_data)
10000
%timeit count_good_strings_fast(very_big_data)
100 loops, best of 3: 7.55 ms per loop
import re
import requests
r = requests.get('http://python.org/')
r.text
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href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEventsCalendar#Submitting_an_Event" title="">Submit an Event</a></li>\n \n</ul>\n\n \n </li>\n \n \n \n \n \n</ul>\n\n \n </nav>\n\n <div class="header-banner "> <!-- for optional "do-not-print" class -->\n \n <div id="dive-into-python" class="flex-slideshow slideshow">\n\n <ul class="launch-shell menu" id="launch-shell">\n <li>\n <a class="button prompt" id="start-shell" data-shell-container="#dive-into-python" href="/shell/">>_\n <span class="message">Launch Interactive Shell</span>\n </a>\n </li>\n </ul>\n\n <ul class="slides menu">\n \n <li>\n <div class="slide-code"><pre><code><span class="comment"># Python 3: Fibonacci series up to n</span>\r\n>>> def fib(n):\r\n>>> a, b = 0, 1\r\n>>> while a < n:\r\n>>> print(a, end=\' \')\r\n>>> a, b = b, a+b\r\n>>> print()\r\n>>> fib(1000)\r\n<span class="output">0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987</span></code></pre></div>\n <div class="slide-copy"><h1>Functions Defined</h1>\r\n<p>The core of extensible programming is defining functions. Python allows mandatory and optional arguments, keyword arguments, and even arbitrary argument lists. <a href="//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions">More about defining functions in Python 3</a></p></div>\n </li>\n \n <li>\n <div class="slide-code"><pre><code><span class="comment"># Python 3: List comprehensions</span>\r\n>>> fruits = [\'Banana\', \'Apple\', \'Lime\']\r\n>>> loud_fruits = [fruit.upper() for fruit in fruits]\r\n>>> print(loud_fruits)\r\n<span class="output">[\'BANANA\', \'APPLE\', \'LIME\']</span>\r\n\r\n<span class="comment"># List and the enumerate function</span>\r\n>>> list(enumerate(fruits))\r\n<span class="output">[(0, \'Banana\'), (1, \'Apple\'), (2, \'Lime\')]</span></code></pre></div>\n <div class="slide-copy"><h1>Compound Data Types</h1>\r\n<p>Lists (known as arrays in other languages) are one of the compound data types that Python understands. Lists can be indexed, sliced and manipulated with other built-in functions. <a href="//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#lists">More about lists in Python 3</a></p></div>\n </li>\n \n <li>\n <div class="slide-code"><pre><code><span class="comment"># Python 3: Simple arithmetic</span>\r\n>>> 1 / 2\r\n<span class="output">0.5</span>\r\n>>> 2 ** 3\r\n<span class="output">8</span>\r\n>>> 17 / 3 <span class="comment"># classic division returns a float</span>\r\n<span class="output">5.666666666666667</span>\r\n>>> 17 // 3 <span class="comment"># floor division</span>\r\n<span class="output">5</span></code></pre></div>\n <div class="slide-copy"><h1>Intuitive Interpretation</h1>\r\n<p>Calculations are simple with Python, and expression syntax is straightforward: the operators <code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, <code>*</code> and <code>/</code> work as expected; parentheses <code>()</code> can be used for grouping. <a href="http://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator">More about simple math functions in Python 3</a>.</p></div>\n </li>\n \n <li>\n <div class="slide-code"><pre><code><span class="comment"># Python 3: Simple output (with Unicode)</span>\r\n>>> print("Hello, I\'m Python!")\r\n<span class="output">Hello, I\'m Python!</span>\r\n\r\n<span class="comment"># Input, assignment</span>\r\n>>> name = input(\'What is your name?\\n\')\r\n>>> print(\'Hi, %s.\' % name)\r\n<span class="output">What is your name?\r\nPython\r\nHi, Python.</span></code></pre></div>\n <div class="slide-copy"><h1>Quick & Easy to Learn</h1>\r\n<p>Experienced programmers in any other language can pick up Python very quickly, and beginners find the clean syntax and indentation structure easy to learn. <a href="//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/">Whet your appetite</a> with our Python 3 overview.</p>\r\n </div>\n </li>\n \n <li>\n <div class="slide-code"><pre><code><span class=\\"comment\\"># For loop on a list</span>\r\n>>> numbers = [2, 4, 6, 8]\r\n>>> product = 1\r\n>>> for number in numbers:\r\n... product = product * number\r\n... \r\n>>> print(\'The product is:\', product)\r\n<span class=\\"output\\">The product is: 384</span></code></pre></div>\n <div class="slide-copy"><h1>All the Flow You’d Expect</h1>\r\n<p>Python knows the usual control flow statements that other languages speak — <code>if</code>, <code>for</code>, <code>while</code> and <code>range</code> — with some of its own twists, of course. <a href="//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html">More control flow tools in Python 3</a></p></div>\n </li>\n \n </ul>\n </div>\n\n\n </div>\n\n \n <div class="introduction">\n <p>Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly <span class="breaker"></span>and integrate systems more effectively. <a class="readmore" href="/doc/">Learn More</a></p>\n </div>\n\n\n </div><!-- end .container -->\n </header>\n\n <div id="content" class="content-wrapper">\n <!-- Main Content Column -->\n <div class="container">\n\n <section class="main-content " role="main">\n\n \n \n\n \n\n <div class="row">\n\n <div class="small-widget get-started-widget">\n <h2 class="widget-title"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-get-started"></span>Get Started</h2>\r\n<p>Whether you\'re new to programming or an experienced developer, it\'s easy to learn and use Python.</p>\r\n<p><a href="/about/gettingstarted/">Start with our Beginner’s Guide</a></p>\n </div>\n\n <div class="small-widget download-widget">\n <h2 class="widget-title"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-download"></span>Download</h2>\n<p>Python source code and installers are available for download for all versions! 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urls = re.findall(r'<a href="(.+?)"', r.text)
urls
['#content', '/', '/psf-landing/', 'https://docs.python.org', 'https://pypi.python.org/', '/community/jobs/', '/community/', '/', '#', '#', 'http://plus.google.com/+Python', 'http://www.facebook.com/pythonlang?fref=ts', 'http://twitter.com/ThePSF', '/community/irc/', '/accounts/login/', '/accounts/signup/', '/accounts/login/', '/about/', '/about/apps/', '/about/quotes/', '/about/gettingstarted/', '/about/help/', '/downloads/', '/downloads/', '/downloads/source/', '/downloads/windows/', '/downloads/mac-osx/', '/download/other/', 'https://docs.python.org/3/license.html', '/download/alternatives', '/doc/', '/doc/', '/doc/av', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide', 'https://docs.python.org/devguide/', 'https://docs.python.org/faq/', 'http://wiki.python.org/moin/Languages', 'http://python.org/dev/peps/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks', '/community/', '/community/diversity/', '/community/irc/', '/community/lists/', '/community/workshops/', '/community/sigs/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/', '/community/logos/', '/community/merchandise/', '/community/awards', '/about/success/', '/about/success/#arts', '/about/success/#business', '/about/success/#education', '/about/success/#engineering', '/about/success/#government', '/about/success/#scientific', '/about/success/#software-development', '/blogs/', '/blogs/', 'http://planetpython.org/', 'http://pyfound.blogspot.com/', 'http://pycon.blogspot.com/', '/events/python-events/', '/events/python-events/', '/events/python-user-group/', '/events/python-events/past/', '/events/python-user-group/past/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEventsCalendar#Submitting_an_Event', '//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions', '//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#lists', 'http://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator', '//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/', '//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html', '/about/gettingstarted/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/Python2orPython3', '/downloads/release/python-343/', '/downloads/release/python-279/', 'https://docs.python.org', '//jobs.python.org', 'http://blog.python.org', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/AJ6AMDcjGaE/python-3.html', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/eb3JkcqpXBQ/ironpython-275-released.html', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/WgVFScO85Is/python-279-released.html', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/791RxJ5ghSk/release-candidate-for-python-279.html', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/pyi0_KezFgY/python-341-released.html', '/events/calendars/', '/events/python-events/285/', '/events/python-events/246/', '/events/python-events/274/', '/events/python-events/244/', '/events/python-events/276/', '/success-stories/', '/success-stories/industrial-light-magic-runs-python/', '/success-stories/industrial-light-magic-runs-python/', '/about/apps', 'http://flask.pocoo.org/', 'http://ipython.org', '/dev/peps/', '/psf/', '/about/', '/about/apps/', '/about/quotes/', '/about/gettingstarted/', '/about/help/', '/downloads/', '/downloads/', '/downloads/source/', '/downloads/windows/', '/downloads/mac-osx/', '/download/other/', 'https://docs.python.org/3/license.html', '/download/alternatives', '/doc/', '/doc/', '/doc/av', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide', 'https://docs.python.org/devguide/', 'https://docs.python.org/faq/', 'http://wiki.python.org/moin/Languages', 'http://python.org/dev/peps/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks', '/community/', '/community/diversity/', '/community/irc/', '/community/lists/', '/community/workshops/', '/community/sigs/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/', '/community/logos/', '/community/merchandise/', '/community/awards', '/about/success/', '/about/success/#arts', '/about/success/#business', '/about/success/#education', '/about/success/#engineering', '/about/success/#government', '/about/success/#scientific', '/about/success/#software-development', '/blogs/', '/blogs/', 'http://planetpython.org/', 'http://pyfound.blogspot.com/', 'http://pycon.blogspot.com/', '/events/python-events/', '/events/python-events/', '/events/python-user-group/', '/events/python-events/past/', '/events/python-user-group/past/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEventsCalendar#Submitting_an_Event', '/dev/', 'http://docs.python.org/devguide/', 'http://bugs.python.org/', 'https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev', 'http://pythonmentors.com/', '/about/help/', '/community/diversity/', 'https://github.com/python/pythondotorg/issues', '#', '/psf-landing/', '/about/legal/', '/privacy/', 'http://www.ie6countdown.com/', 'http://browsehappy.com/', 'http://www.google.com/chromeframe/?redirect=true']
for url in urls:
print(re.sub(r"^([#/])", r'http://python.org/\1', url))
http://python.org/#content http://python.org// http://python.org//psf-landing/ https://docs.python.org https://pypi.python.org/ http://python.org//community/jobs/ http://python.org//community/ http://python.org// http://python.org/# http://python.org/# http://plus.google.com/+Python http://www.facebook.com/pythonlang?fref=ts http://twitter.com/ThePSF http://python.org//community/irc/ http://python.org//accounts/login/ http://python.org//accounts/signup/ http://python.org//accounts/login/ http://python.org//about/ http://python.org//about/apps/ http://python.org//about/quotes/ http://python.org//about/gettingstarted/ http://python.org//about/help/ http://python.org//downloads/ http://python.org//downloads/ http://python.org//downloads/source/ http://python.org//downloads/windows/ http://python.org//downloads/mac-osx/ http://python.org//download/other/ https://docs.python.org/3/license.html http://python.org//download/alternatives http://python.org//doc/ http://python.org//doc/ http://python.org//doc/av https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide https://docs.python.org/devguide/ https://docs.python.org/faq/ http://wiki.python.org/moin/Languages http://python.org/dev/peps/ https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks http://python.org//community/ http://python.org//community/diversity/ http://python.org//community/irc/ http://python.org//community/lists/ http://python.org//community/workshops/ http://python.org//community/sigs/ https://wiki.python.org/moin/ http://python.org//community/logos/ http://python.org//community/merchandise/ http://python.org//community/awards http://python.org//about/success/ http://python.org//about/success/#arts http://python.org//about/success/#business http://python.org//about/success/#education http://python.org//about/success/#engineering http://python.org//about/success/#government http://python.org//about/success/#scientific http://python.org//about/success/#software-development http://python.org//blogs/ http://python.org//blogs/ http://planetpython.org/ http://pyfound.blogspot.com/ http://pycon.blogspot.com/ http://python.org//events/python-events/ http://python.org//events/python-events/ http://python.org//events/python-user-group/ http://python.org//events/python-events/past/ http://python.org//events/python-user-group/past/ https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEventsCalendar#Submitting_an_Event http://python.org///docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions http://python.org///docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#lists http://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator http://python.org///docs.python.org/3/tutorial/ http://python.org///docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html http://python.org//about/gettingstarted/ https://wiki.python.org/moin/Python2orPython3 http://python.org//downloads/release/python-343/ http://python.org//downloads/release/python-279/ https://docs.python.org http://python.org///jobs.python.org http://blog.python.org http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/AJ6AMDcjGaE/python-3.html http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/eb3JkcqpXBQ/ironpython-275-released.html http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/WgVFScO85Is/python-279-released.html http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/791RxJ5ghSk/release-candidate-for-python-279.html http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/pyi0_KezFgY/python-341-released.html http://python.org//events/calendars/ http://python.org//events/python-events/285/ http://python.org//events/python-events/246/ http://python.org//events/python-events/274/ http://python.org//events/python-events/244/ http://python.org//events/python-events/276/ http://python.org//success-stories/ http://python.org//success-stories/industrial-light-magic-runs-python/ http://python.org//success-stories/industrial-light-magic-runs-python/ http://python.org//about/apps http://flask.pocoo.org/ http://ipython.org http://python.org//dev/peps/ http://python.org//psf/ http://python.org//about/ http://python.org//about/apps/ http://python.org//about/quotes/ http://python.org//about/gettingstarted/ http://python.org//about/help/ http://python.org//downloads/ http://python.org//downloads/ http://python.org//downloads/source/ http://python.org//downloads/windows/ http://python.org//downloads/mac-osx/ http://python.org//download/other/ https://docs.python.org/3/license.html http://python.org//download/alternatives http://python.org//doc/ http://python.org//doc/ http://python.org//doc/av https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide https://docs.python.org/devguide/ https://docs.python.org/faq/ http://wiki.python.org/moin/Languages http://python.org/dev/peps/ https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks http://python.org//community/ http://python.org//community/diversity/ http://python.org//community/irc/ http://python.org//community/lists/ http://python.org//community/workshops/ http://python.org//community/sigs/ https://wiki.python.org/moin/ http://python.org//community/logos/ http://python.org//community/merchandise/ http://python.org//community/awards http://python.org//about/success/ http://python.org//about/success/#arts http://python.org//about/success/#business http://python.org//about/success/#education http://python.org//about/success/#engineering http://python.org//about/success/#government http://python.org//about/success/#scientific http://python.org//about/success/#software-development http://python.org//blogs/ http://python.org//blogs/ http://planetpython.org/ http://pyfound.blogspot.com/ http://pycon.blogspot.com/ http://python.org//events/python-events/ http://python.org//events/python-events/ http://python.org//events/python-user-group/ http://python.org//events/python-events/past/ http://python.org//events/python-user-group/past/ https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEventsCalendar#Submitting_an_Event http://python.org//dev/ http://docs.python.org/devguide/ http://bugs.python.org/ https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev http://pythonmentors.com/ http://python.org//about/help/ http://python.org//community/diversity/ https://github.com/python/pythondotorg/issues http://python.org/# http://python.org//psf-landing/ http://python.org//about/legal/ http://python.org//privacy/ http://www.ie6countdown.com/ http://browsehappy.com/ http://www.google.com/chromeframe/?redirect=true