Imagine that Garret requires that Tyler plays a lottery with two possible outcomes after a coin flip:
After his tedious hours in the classroom, Tyler realizes that he can map his utility with the following function:
\begin{equation} u(c) = \sqrt{c} \end{equation}where $c$ is the points he gets from Tyler's lottery
A prominent theory "Prospect theory" popular in different fields, and to many financial experimentalists the best paper that they ever read, has been developed by Kahneman and Tversky (1979).
The idea is that people are risk-adverse in gains (like Tyler above) and hate losing and therefore are willing to take the chance to avoid (like Caleb above).
from IPython.core.display import HTML
def css_styling():
import os
styles = open(os.path.expanduser("custom.css"), "r").read()
return HTML(styles)
css_styling()