#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# # Using a notebook
# The purpose of this notebook is to introduce the Jupyter interface. This notebook is a guide to the Jupyter interface and writing code and text in Jupyter notebooks with the _Python_ programming language and _Markdown_, the lightweight markup language.
# 
# _This notebook was originally created for a Digital Mixer session at the [2016 STELLA Unconference](https://stellagroup.wordpress.com/)_

# Cells
# ---
# The basic structure of a Jupyter notebook consists of linear sequence of cells from the top to the bottom of the page. A cell's content can consist of either:
# 
# #### 1. code and code output

# In[2]:


# create a range of numbers
numbers = range(0, 5)
# print out each of the numbers in the range
for number in numbers:
    print(number)


# #### 2. Markdown/html

# ### This is a big header written in markdown
# #### This is a medium header written in markdown
# ##### This is a small header written in markdown
# This is a paragraph written in markdown
# <div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert"><p>You can also write with <strong>html tags</strong></p></div>

# #### 3. raw text 
This is ugly. You probably don't need to use raw text.
# Click on any text above to see what cell it belongs to. The active cell will be surrounded by a green or blue outline. A green outline indicates you are in edit mode for that cell and you can type in the cell. A blue outline indicates that you are in command mode and you cannot type in the active cell. **To enter edit mode in a cell click on any code input area or double-click on any rendered Markdown text.**
# 
# Notice that you can see the content type of the active cell in the multi-choice button in the notebook toolbar at the top of the page:
# 
# ![alt text](./cellType.png)
# 
# **You can also use this button to change the cell type.**

# Adding, removing, and moving cells
# ---
# You can manage cells using the notebook toolbar.
# * **Adding a cell:** To add a new cell below the active cell, click <i class="fa-plus fa"></i>
# * **Cut/copy/paste a cell:** Use <i class="fa-cut fa"></i> to cut or <i class="fa-copy fa"></i> to copy a cell and <i class="fa-paste fa"></i> to paste the cut/copied cell below the active cell
# * **Move a cell:** To move the active cell up or down, click <i class="fa-arrow-up fa"></i> or <i class="fa-arrow-down fa"></i>
# * **Delete a cell:** To delete the active cell, click `Edit > Delete Cells`
# 
# **Try adding a new Markdown cell and a Code cell, moving them around, and deleting them. _If you accidentally delete something you shouldn't have, you can undo it by going to:_** `Edit > Undo Delete Cells`

# Running a cell
# ---
# To run code in a cell or to render markdown as html in a cell you must _run_ the cell. 
# 
# **To run the contents of a cell:**
# 1. activate it
# 2. press `shift`+`return` _or_ click <i class="fa-step-forward fa"></i> in the notebook toolbar at the top of the page.
# 
# **Try running the three Python code cells below.** _You can edit and re-run a cell as many times as you want._

# In[ ]:


# this is Python code -> RUN IT
x = 2

# the output of the last line of code is shown below the cell
x * x


# In[ ]:


# this is Python code -> RUN IT
x = 2

# you can also use the 'print' statement to print information to the output below the cell
print(x)

# the output of the last line of code is still shown below the cell
x * x


# In[ ]:


# this is Python code -> RUN IT
x = 2

# if there is an error in your code an error message will display in the output below the cell
x + "two"


# **Try editing and adding some text this Markdown cell**
# 
# Double-click on **_this text_** to start
# 
# _when you are done press `shift+return` to run_
# 
# For an overview of Markdown format check out [Markdown Cheatsheet](https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/wiki/Markdown-Cheatsheet)

# More information on the UI
# ---
# * In the notebook Menubar click `Help > User Interface Tour` for a quick, guided overview of the user interface.
# * Another overview of the interface from the Jupyter website: [Overview of the Notebook UI](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/ipython/ipython/blob/3.x/examples/Notebook/Notebook%20Basics.ipynb#Overview-of-the-Notebook-UI)
# * More information on running code from the Jupyter website: [Running Code](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/ipython/ipython/blob/3.x/examples/Notebook/Running%20Code.ipynb)

# Wrap up
# ---
# You should have a basic understanding of how to navigate an interactive notebook, the cell types, how to manipulate cells (adding, moving, removing, etc.), and how to run cells.
# 
# **Next:** For a basic overview of data analysis and visualization with pandas and matplotlib, download the following notebook and add it to your notebooks folder by uploading it in the Notebook dashboard: http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/WaltGurley/jupyter-notebooks-intro/blob/master/Jupyter%20-%20coding%20with%20Python.ipynb